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About

Algeria

Sidi Sophie Mosque

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postcard

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cities

 Bejaia

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B & W print

Bejaia

Bejaïa

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Alternate

Bougie

Formerly known as

ⴱⴳⴰⵢⴻⵜ

Original

Bgayet

Vernacular

Saldae civitas

Dates: 1014-1152/405-547 AHAlternate Names: Hammadides, Hammadites, Āït Ḥammād, Banū Ḥammād, بَنُو حَمَّادٍ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷTerritories: within contemporary Algeria. A dynasty of the Sanhaja Amazigh dynasty which reigned over the central Maghreb from 1014 to 1152/405-547 AH. The dynasty began with Hammad ibn Buluggin, second son of Buluggin ibn Ziri (r. 972-984/361-374 AH), as a result of a territorial conflict following Buluggin's death in <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/9348?media_content_id=643976" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sijilmasa</a>. Resources on Archnet Authorities: <a href="r. 1024-1028/414-419 AH" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Hammad ibn Buluggin I</a> r. 1024-1028/414-419 AH<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/7098" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">An-Nasir ibn Alnas</a> r. 1062-1089 / 454-482 AH Publications: Cherid, Houria, Lakhdar Drias, Farida Benouis. "<a href="https://www.archnet.org/publications/12048" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Circuit II: Les Hammadides et la naissance des villes fortes au Maghreb central</a>." in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/publications/12034" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Un architecture de Lumière. Les arts de l'Islam en Algérie</a>. (version provisoire et incomplète). L’Art Islamique en Méditerranée. Vienna: Museum Ohne Grenzen/Museum With No Frontiers (MWNF), 2017. pp. 85-107.

Hammadid

See <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/2361" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Timeline: Hafsid</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;The Hafsid dynasty (Banu Hafs) was founded by Abu Zakariyya Yahya (1229-1249/626-647 AH) Almohad governor of Ifriqiya when he broke away declared independence. By the end of his 20 year reign he had expanded his territory into Béjaïa (Bougie) and&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/timelines/48/period/Marinid/year/1310" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Constantine&nbsp;</a>and&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3499" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Algiers</a>&nbsp;and became the recognized overlord of the Abdalwadides of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/4007" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tlemcen</a>&nbsp;He also expanded his power into&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3681" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Granada</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/timelines/48/period/Marinid/year/1310" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Marinid</a>&nbsp;territories of Morocco.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His son, al-Mustansir (1249–77/626-675 AH), assumed the title of caliph, and his rule saw continued prosperity. He reached an agreement with Louis IX to end the VIII Crusade, and his death brought about a period of internal dissension and struggles for power. Unity was achieved by Abu Hafs (1284–95/683-694 AH), then by Abu Yahya Abu Bakr (1318–46/718-747 AH), but the kingdom faced a number of threats in the 14th century, including major Marinid invasions, the plague and a crippling financial crisis. Abu al-ʿAbbas (1370–94/771-796 AH), managed to restore the glory of the early Hafsid era. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 14th and 15th centuries were prosperous under the Hafsid dynasty. The Saharan caravan trade was well developed, and commerce with Europe was increasing.&nbsp;So too was piracy. Funding from all three sources was used to finance public works in art and architecture. Piracy also provoked the anger of Aragon and Venice, which attacked coastal cities in retaliation. After the reign of Uthman (1435–88/838-893 AH), dynastic struggles weakened the Hafsids to the point that their fall became inevitable.&nbsp;They became increasingly caught up in imperial struggles between Spain and the&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/timelines/48/period/Ottoman/year/1339" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ottomans</a>. These powers managed to each conquer Tunis for a period. The Hafsid dynasty came to an end after they agreed to become Spanish vassals in 1574/982. Muhammad IV, the last Hafsid Caliph, was subsequently captured, brought to Constantinople and executed. Under the Hafsids, Tunis was established as the capital, and the Maliki school of law was established as the foundation for religious and social life. Michael A. Toler

Bejaïa
Bejaia, Algeria

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Bejaïa
Bejaia, Algeria

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BejaïaBejaia, Algeria

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BejaïaBejaia, Algeria

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Bejaïa
Bejaia, Algeria

Bejaïa
Bejaia, Algeria