Introduction | Browse the Glossary | Acronyms for Reference Works | Transliteration Conventions

For a large number of words the dictionary, book, or document that was used by the author of the complete entry is only indicated by an acronym usually followed by a page. The full bibliographical reference for each acronym, always followed by the language of the word(s) to which it refers, are given below.

A

AEL

Arabic

Lane, Edward William, and Stanley Lane-Poole. Arabic-English Lexicon. 2 vols. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1984.

A.H

Urdu

Siddiqui, I. H. “The Discovery of Architectural Remains of a Pre-Mughal Garden at New Delhi.” In Archaeology and History: Essays in Memory of Shri A. Ghosh, edited by B. M. Pande and Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, 573–77. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1987.

AHT

Ottoman

Akhtar, Mustafa ibn Ahmad. Ahterî-i Kebir. Edited by H. Ahmet Kırkkılıç and Yusuf Sancak. 1st ed. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2009.

Ain

Urdu

Abuʾl-Fazl ibn Mubarak. The Āʾīn-i Akbarī. Edited by S. L. Goomer. Translated by H. Blochmann. 2d ed. Delhi: Aadiesh Book Depot, 1965.

ANA

Arabic

Corriente, F. A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.

ARD

Persian

Arda-Virf-Namak. The Book of Arda Viraf: The Pahlavi Text Prepared by Destur Hoshangji Jamaspji Asa. Edited by Hoshangji Jamaspji Asa and Martin Haug. Bombay: Govt. Central Book Depot, 1872.

ARK

Ottoman

Saltuk, Secda. Arkeoloji Sözlüğü. Istanbul: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 1990.

ARS

Ottoman

Arseven, Celâl Esad. Sanat Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1943–1947.

AST

Persian

Astarabadi, Husayn ibn Murtaza Husayni. Tarikh-i Sultani: Az Shaykh Safi ta Shah Safi. Edited by Ihsan Ishraqi. Tehran: ʻIlmī, 1987.

ATI

Ottoman

Tietze, Andreas. Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugatı. 1st ed. 2 vols. Istanbul: Simurg, 2002.

B

BAH

Ottoman

Turan, Fikret. Eski Oğuzca Satırarası Tematik Sözlük, Bahşayiş Lügati: Dilbilim Incelemesi, Metin, Sözlük, Tıpkıbasım. Istanbul: Bay, 2001.

BAY

Ottoman

Baytop, Turhan. Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları 578. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1994.

Bayaz

Urdu

See B.K

B.K

Urdu

Bayaz-i Khusbuhi. Pers. MSS. Ethe 2784. India Office Library, London.

BHP

Persian

Bahar, Mehrdad. Pizhuhishi dar Asatir-i Iran. 2nd ed. Tehran: Tūs, 1997.

BHR

Persian

Bahar, Mehrdad, and Nasrallah Kisraiyan. Takht-i Jamshīd. Tehran: N. A. Kisrāʾiyān, 1993.

Ba-Na

Urdu

Kashi, Mir Muhammad Yahya. “Badshah-Nama.” Pers.ms, Bl. Or. 1852.

BN

Urdu

Babur, Emperor of Hindustan. Babur-Nama. Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2002.

BRN

Persian

Bruyn, Cornelis de. Voyages de Corneille le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes orientales. 2 vols. Amsterdam: chez les Frères Wetstein, 1718.

BS

Urdu

Kanbo, Muhammad Salih. “Bahar-i Sukhan.” Persian manuscript 876-79. Punjab Public Library, Lahore.

BYC

Persian

Boyce, Mary. A Word-List of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian. Tehran; Leiden: Bibliothèque Pahlavi; distributed by E. J. Brill, 1977.

BYZ

Persian

“Bayāz-I Khush Būyī.” MS.IO Islamic 828: chapter VII fol.108-111. British Library, London.

C

CC

Urdu

Brahman, Char Chaman. MSS TPE.113. Punjab Public Library, Lahore / British Library, London, 1892.

CHR

Persian

Chardin, Jean. Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient: Enrichis de figures en taille-douce. New ed. Amsterdam: De la Compagnie, 1735.

CST

Persian

Coste, Pascal Xavier. “Itinéraire de l’ambassade Française en Perse sous M. le Comte de Sercey, et des excursions scientifiques des deux artistes attachés à cette mission, par M. Pascal Coste, architecte.” Manuscripts 1127-1137. Bibliothèque Municipale, Marseille.

CUD

Ottoman

Ibrahim Cudi. Lügat-I Cûdî. Edited by İsmail Parlatır, Belgin Tezcan Aksu, and Nicolai Tufar. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 2006.

ÇEV

Ottoman

Çevre Sözlüğü (Türkçe-İngilizce) (computer data)

D

DEV

Arabic

Deverdun, Gaston. Marrakech, des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions techniques nord-africaines, 1959.

DGA

Ottoman

Seydi, Ali. “Defter-i Galatât.” MA thesis, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1997.

Dı̄nawarı̄

Arabic

Dı̄nawarı̄, Abū Ḥanı̄fah Aḥmad Dāwūd b. Wanand. Kitāb al-nabāt – al-qism al-thānī min qāmūs al-nabātı̄. Ed. Muḥammad Ḥamı̄d Allāh (Hamidullah). Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 1973.

DKH

Persian

Dihkhuda, ʻAli Akbar, and Muhammad Muʻin. Lughat’nāmah. Tehran: Chāpkhānah-ʼi Muʼssasah-ʼi Intishārāt va Chāp-i Dānishgah, 1958.

DLT

Ottoman

Kashgari, Mahmud. Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Dizini. Rev. 2nd ed. Ankara: Üniversitesi Basimevi, 1972.

DOAR

Arabic

Dozy, Reinhart. Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. Leiden; Paris: E. J. Brill; G.P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1967.

DOEP

Arabic

Dozy, Reinhart, and Willem H. Engelmann. Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’arabe: Avec une introd. linguistique, un index des mots européens et un index arabe. Amsterdam: APA, Oriental Pr., 1982.

DRC

Persian

D’Arcy, Joseph. “Album with Fifty-Eight Views of Persia Mostly Made during the Ouseley Embassy to Tehran,” 1810–1812. Prints and Drawings WD 3274. British Library, London.

E

ELJM

Arabic

El Faïz, Mohammed. Jardins de Marrakech. 1st ed. Arles: Actes Sud, 2000.

EVL

Ottoman

Dankoff, Robert. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi okuma sözlüğü: Seyahatname’deki eskicil, yöresel, yabancı kelimeler, deyimler. Translated by Semih Tezcan. IIstanbul: Mehmet Ölmez, 2004.

F

F.D

Urdu

Ferozsons English Urdu Dictionary; English Words with Their Equivalents in Urdu. 4th ed. Lahore: Ferozsons, 1961.

FED

Ottoman

Devellioğlu, Ferit. Osmanlıca-Türkçe ansiklopedik lügat. Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, 1982.

FN

Arabic

Ibn Waḥshiyyah, Ibn Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī Qays al-Kasdānī. al-Filāhah al-nabaṭiyyah. Ed. Toufic Fahd. 2 vols. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1993–95.

Freytag

Arabic

Freytag, Georg. Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum. Vol. II. Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, 1837.

F.U.E.D

Urdu

Fallon, S. W. Urdu-English Dictionary. Lahore: Central Urdu Board, 1976.

G

GAL

Arabic

Gallotti, Jean. Le jardin et la maison arabes au Maroc. Paris: A. Lévy, 1926.

GAR

Arabic

García Sanchez, Expiración. “Cultivos y espacios agrícolas irrigados en al-Andalus.” In Agricultura y regadío en al-Andalus: Síntesis y problemas; Actas del coloquio, Almería, 9 y 10 de junio de 1995. Almería; Granada: Instituto de Estudios Almerienses de la Diputación de Almería; Grupo de Investigación Toponímia, Historia y Arqueología del Reino de Granada, 1995.

GAS

Arabic

García Sanchez, Expiración, and A. Lopez y Lopez. “The Botanic Gardens in Muslim Spain.” In The Authentic Garden: A Symposium on Gardens, ed. L. Tjon Sie Fat and E. de Jong. Leiden, Netherlands: Clusius Foundation, 1991.

GIS

Arabic

Zangheri, Luigi, Brunella Lorenzi, and Nausikaa M. Rahmati, eds. Il giardino islamico. Florence: L. S. Olschki, 2006.

H

HAY

Ottoman

Rado, Şevket, ed. Hayat büyük Türk sözlüğü. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları, 1970.

HFS

Persian

Miscellaneous Drawings by Hofsted van Essen, 1700. MS Sloane 5234 fol.7. British Library, London.

HRV

Persian

Haravi, Qasim b. Yusuf Abu Nasri. Irshad-al Zira’a. Edited by Muhammad Mushiri. Tehran, 1968.

HUK

Ottoman

Bağdatlı, Selahattin. Hukuk sözlüğü. İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 1997.

I

Ibn Mammātı̄

Arabic

Ibn Mammātī, Asʿad b. al-Muhadhdhab. Kitāb qawānīn al-dawāwīn. Ed. ʿAzı̄z Sūriyāl Ṭūsūn. Cairo: Maktabat Madbūlı̄, 1991.

IGN

Persian

“Ignatius a Jesu C.D. scrinium dursarum linguarum: Dizionario e grammatiche del Persiano e dello Arabo Autografi Di Ignatius a Jesu C.D.,” 1665. MS S. Maria della Scala 42. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale.

ISK

Persian

Monshi, Eskandar. Tārīkh-i ʻālam ārā-yi ʻAbbāsī. Tehran: Muʼassah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1972.

J

J.N

Urdu

Jahangir. Jahangir namah. Edited by Khvajah Abu al-Hasan. Lukhnow: Matba’ Namah Munshi Naval Kishor, 1898.

JNS

Persian

Johnson, Francis, Franciszek Meniński, and John Richardson. A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1852.

K

KAM

Ottoman

Şemseddin Sâmî. Kamus-i Türkî: kâffe-yi lügat-i Türkiye ile lisan-i Türkîde müstamil kelimat ve ıstılahât-i Arabiye ve Farisiye ve ecnebiyeyi cami olarak lisanımızın mükemmel lügat kitabıdır. Istanbul: İkdam Matbaası, 1899.

KAR

Ottoman

Kudret, Cevdet. Karagoz. Istanbul: YKY, 2004.

KIH

Arabic

Ibn al-Khatib, Lisan al-Din. Kitab Al-Ihata. 4 vols. Cairo, 1973.

KIF

Arabic

Abu l-Khayr al Isbili. Kitab al-filaha = Tratado de agricultura. Translated by Julia María Carabaza Bravo Madrid: M.A.E. Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional. Instituto de Cooperación con el Mundo Árabe, 1991.

KIZB

Arabic

Al-Tighnari, Muhammad ibn Malik. Kitāb Zuhrat al-bustān wa-nuzʹhat al-adhhān. Edited by E. García Sánchez. Madrid: al-Majlis al-Aʻlá lil-Abḥāth al-ʻIlmīyah, 2006.

KMA

Persian

Kaempfer, Engelbert. Amoenitatum Exoticarum Politico-Physico-Medicarum Fasciculi: V. Quibus Continentur Variae Relationes, Observationes & Descriptiones Rerum Persicarum & Ulterioris Asiae, Multâ Attentione. Lemgo: Typis & impensis H.W. Meyeri, 1712.

KMP

Kaempfer, Engelbert. MSS Sloane 2907; 2910; 2912; 2914; 2915; 2917A and B; 2920; 2921; 2923; 2929A; 3060-3064, 5232. British Museum, London.

KUB

Ottoman

Ayverdi, Ilhan, et al. Misalli büyük Türkçe sözlük. Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı, 2005.

L

Lane

Arabic

Lane, Edward William. An Arabic-English Lexicon. London: Williams & Norgate, 1863.

LAO

Arabic

Laoust, E. Mots et choses berbères: Notes de linguistique et d’ethnographie: Dialectes du Maroc. Paris: A. Challamel, 1920.

LAZ

Persian

Lazard, Gilbert. La langue des plus anciens monuments de la prose persane. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1963.

LBDN

Arabic

Ibn al-Khatib. Al-lamḥa al-badriyya fī ad-dawla an-Naṣriyya. Cairo: Al-Matba'a al-Salafiyya, 1929.

LEH

Ottoman

Ahmet Vefik Paşa. Lehce-i Osmânı̂. Edited by Recep Toparlı. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu, 2000.

LNG

Persian

Hodges, William, and Louis Mathieu Langlès. Voyage pittoresque de l’Inde fait dans les années 1780–1783. Par W. H. traduit de l’anglais et augmenté de notes . . . par L. Langlès. Paris, an XIII., 1805.

LRN

Persian

Hommaire de Hell, Xavier. Voyage en Turquie et en Perse exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, pendant les années 1846, 1847 et 1848. Paris: P. Bertrand, 1854.

M

M.A

Urdu

Baqi, Sheikh Muhammad. “Miratu’l Alam.” MS Abdus Salam Collection, 84/314. Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

MCC

Persian

McChesney, R. D. “Four Sources on Shah ‛Abbas’s Building of Isfahan.” Muqarnas 5 (1988).

MCH

Persian

McChesney, R. D. “Some Observations on ‘Garden’ and Its Meanings in the Property Transactions of the Jubayri Family in Bukhara 1544-77.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.

MCL

Persian

Beaumont, Peter, Michael E Bonine, K. S. McLachlan, and A McLachlan, eds. Qanat, Kariz, and Khattara: Traditional Water Systems in the Middle East and North Africa. London: Middle East Centre, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1989.

MED

Ottoman

Doğan, D. Mehmet. Büyük Türkçe sözlük: Türkçe/ Osmanlıca/yabancı dillerden Türkçeye geçen ve en çok kullanılan kelimeler. Ankara: Birlik Yayınları, 1981.

MEN

Ottoman

Mesgnien Meninski, Franciscus A. Thesaurus linguarum Orientalium Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae . . . Vienna, 1680.

MER

Ottoman

Tor, Gülseren. Mersin ağzı sözlüğü. İstanbul: Mehmed Ölmez, 2004.

MG

Urdu

Thackston, W. M. “Mughal Garden in Persian Poetry.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.

MJL

Persian

Jalal al-Din, Munajjim. Tārīkh-i ʻAbbāsī, yā, Rūznāmah-ʼi Mullā Jalāl : shāmil-i vaqāyiʻ-i darbār-i Shāh ʻAbbās Ṣafavī. Edited by Sayf Allah Vahidhiya. Tehran: Vaḥīd, 1987.

MSH

Persian

Munshi, Iskandar. Tārīkh-i ʻālam ārā-yi ʻAbbāsī. Tehran: Dunyāye Kitāb.

MTN

Persian

Matini, Jalal. “Khiyaban.” Iran Nama 1 (1982): 57–99.

MTR

Persian

Nasuh, Matrakçi, Hüseyin G Yurdaydın, İstanbul Üniversitesi, and Kütüphane. Beyān-ı menāzil-i sefer-i ʻIrākeyn-i Sulṭān Süleymān Hān. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1976.

MÜK

Ottoman

Nazima, Ali, and Faik Reşat. Mükemmel Osmanlı Lügati. Edited by Necat Birinci. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları, 2002.

MUN

Persian

Muʻin, Muhammad. Farhang-i Fārsī: Mutavassiṭ. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1992.

MÜN

Ottoman

Müntehabat-ı Osmaniye. (unpublished study)

N

NA

Ottoman

Atasoy, Nurhan. A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture. 1st ed. [Turkey]: Aygaz, 2002.

NAC

Ottoman

Naci, Muallim. Lügat-i Nâcî. Edited by Ahmet Kartal. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 2009.

NUR

Persian

Nuri, Muhammad Yusuf. Mafātīḥ al-arzāq, yā, Kilīd-i dar-i ganjhā-yi gawhar. Edited by Hushang Saʻidlu and Mahdi Qumi‘nizhad. Tehran: Anjuman-i Ās̲ār va Mafākhir-i Farhangī, 2002.

NVD

Persian

Navidi, Zayn al-ʻAbidin ʻAbd al-Muʼmin. Dawḥat al-azhār. Edited by Abulfaz Rahimov and ʻAli Minaʼi. Moscow: Idārah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Dānish, 1974.

NVK

Persian

Navidi, ‛Abdi Bayk Shirazi. “Kulliyāt-i Navīdī,” 1561. MS 2425. Tehran University Central Library.

O

OSM

Ottoman

Osmanlıca Sözlük. (from internet)

OTL

Ottoman

Sertoğlu, Midhat. Osmanlı tarih lügatı. Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1986.

OTR

Ottoman

Osmanlıca Küçük Terimler Sözlüğü. http://www.cesmeler.gen.tr/terimler.html

OTS

Ottoman

Özön, Mustafa Nihat. Büyük Osmanlıca-Türkçe sözlük. Istanbul: İnkilâp ve Aka Kitabevleri, 1979.

P

PAC

Arabic

Pérès, Henri. La poésie andalouse en arabe classique au XIe siècle: Ses aspects généraux, ses principaux thèmes et sa valeur documentaire. 2nd rev. et corr. ed. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1953.

Paavilainen, Med. Pharmacotherapy

Arabic

Paavilainen, Helena. Medieval Pharmacotherapy - Continuity and Change: Case Studies from Ibn Sīnā and Some of His Late Medieval Commentators. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

PCH

Persian

Pechère, René M. “Etudes sur les jardins iraniens.” In Islamic Gardens: 2nd International Symposium on Protection and Restoration of Historical Gardens, Organized by ICOMOS (International Council of Monuments and Sites) and IFLA. Granada, Spain, October 29th to November 4th 1973. Paris: ICOMOS, 1976.

PN

Urdu

Lahawri, ʻAbd al-Hamid. The Bádsháh námah. Edited by Mawlavi Kabir al-Din Ahmad, Mawlavi ʻAbdurrahim, and W. Nassau Lees. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1867.

Q

Qasâ’id

Urdu

Thackston, W. H. “The Poetry of Abu Talib Kalim, Persian Poet-Laureate of Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor of India.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1974.

R

R

Ottoman

Redhouse, James W. Redhouse Yeni Türkçe-İngilizce Sözlük = New Redhouse Turkish-English Dictionary. Istanbul: SEV Matbaacilik ve Yayıncilik, 1998.

RIZ

Ottoman

Rize Mahalli Kelimeler Sözlüğü. (from internet)

ROT

Persian

Root, Margaret Cool. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art: Essays on the Creation of an Iconography of Empire. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1979.

RTK

Ottoman

Kestelli, Raif Necdet. Resimli Türkçe kamus. Edited by Recep Toparlı. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2004.

S

S.B

Urdu

Sadr ud Din. “Sultan ul Basatin.” Manuscript Punjab University, Lahore.

SBT

Persian

Subtelny, Maria M. “The Tale of the Four Sages Who Entered the Pardes: A Talmudic Enigma from a Persian Perspective.” Jewish Studies Quarterly 11, no. 1/2 (2004): 3–58.

SCH

Persian

Schmidt, Erich Friedrich. Flights over Ancient Cities of Iran. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1940.

SCK

Persian

Sackville-West, Vita. “Persian Gardens.” In The Legacy of Persia, edited by A. J Arberry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.

SJD

Persian

Sajjadi, Ja‘far. Farhang-i lughāt va iṣṭilāḥāt va taʻbīrāt-i ʻirfānī. Tehran: Kitābkhānah-i Ṭahūrī, 1971.

SLN

Persian

MS Bibl. Sloan. 4095 fol.7Aa. British Library, London.

SLT

Persian

Sultanzada, Husayn. Mi‛mārī va Shahrsāzī–yi Īrān Ba Ravāyat-I Shānāma-Yi Firdawsī. Tehran: Daftar-i pazhuhishha-yi farhangi, 1999.

SMP

Persian

Simpson, Marianna Shreve. Sultan Ibrahim Mirza’s Haft Awrang: A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century Iran. New Haven; Washington, D.C.: Yale University Press; Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1997.

SN

Urdu

Kanbo, Muhammad Salih. ʻAmal-i Ṣāliḥ: Al-mawsūm bih Shāhjahān nāmah. Lahore: Majlis-i Taraqqī-i Adab, 1958–1960.

SNF

Persian

Xenophon. Economico. Translated by Fabio Roscalla. Milan: Biblioteca universale Rizzoli, 1991.

STG

Persian

Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. 8th impression. Tehran; London; New York: Iran University Press; Routledge, 1988.

STR

Persian

Stronach, D. “On the Evolution of the Early Iranian Fire Temple.” In Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985.

T

Tadhkira

Urdu

Rashidi, Sayyidu Husammuddinu, and Muhammad Aslah. Taz̲kirah-i shuʻarā-yi Kashmīr. 3 vols. Karachi: Iqbal Academy, 1967.

T.A.L

Urdu

Caghtaʼi, Muhammad ʻAbdullah. Tārīkh̲-i amākin-i lāhaur. Lahore: Kitābk̲h̲ānah-yi Nauras, 1981.

TDK

Ottoman

Eren, Hasan, and Nevzat Gözaydın, eds.. Türkçe sözlük. Vols. 1–2. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını, 1988.

TDK-2

Ottoman

Akalın, Şükrü Haluk, et al., eds. Türkçe Sözlük. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını, 2005.

TDS

Ottoman

Baykal, Bekir Sıtkı. Tarih terimleri sözlüğü. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1974.

TEM

Ottoman

Demiray, Kemal. Temel Türkçe sözlük. Istanbul: İnkılâp ve Aka Kitabevleri, 1982.

THV

Persian

Tahvildar, Husayn ibn Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Isfahani. “Jughrāfīyā- Yi Isfahan.” Microfilm fol.527. Gulistan Museum, Tehran.

TJ

Urdu

Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan. The Tūzuk-I-Jahāngīrī; or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr. Edited by Henry Beveridge. Translated by Alexander Rogers. 2 vols. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1997.

TL

Urdu

Kanhayya Lal Hindi. Tarikh-e Lahore. Lahore: Majlis-e Taraqqi-e Adab, 1977.

TLG

Ottoman

Kepeci, Kâmil. Tarih lûgati: Osmanlı tarih deyimleri ve terimleri temel sözlüğü. Ankara: 21. Yüzyıl Yayınları, 2000.

TOU

Arabic

Touri, Abdelaziz. “L’habitat domestique de Marrakech et autres recherches d’archéologie marocaine.” Doctoral thesis, ANRT, 1991.

TRA

Arabic

Ibn Luyun al-Tujibi, Saʻd ibn Ahmad. Tratado de agricultura. Translated by Joaquina Eguaras Ibáñez. Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, 1975.

TRH

Ottoman

Bilgiç, A. Timur. Tarihsel terimler sözlüğü. Ankara: Piramit Yayıncılık, 2005.

TRM

Ottoman

Madran, Nurettin. Büyük tarım sözlüğü. Ankara: Hacettepe-Taş Kitapçılık, 1984.

TYS

Ottoman

Özön, Mustafa Nihat. Türkçe Yabancı Kelimeler Sözlüğü. Istanbul: İnkilâp Kitabevi, 1962.

V

VAL

Persian

Della Valle, Piero. MS Ottoboni Latino 3382:104v, 1618. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome.

VEA

Arabic

Schiaparelli, C. Vocabulista in arabico: pubblicato per la prima volta sopra un codice della Biblioteca riccardiana di Firenze. Florence: Tip. dei successori Le Monnier, 1871.

VLD

Ottoman

Veled Çelebi. Türk Dili. Edited by İsmail Parlatır, Nurullah Çetin, and Önal Kaya. (unpublished study)

VIC

Arabic

Tito Rojo, José, and Manuel Casares Porcel. El Carmen de la Victoria: Un jardín regionalista en el contexto de la historia de los cármenes de Granada. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2000.

W

WLB

Persian

Wilber, Donald Newton. Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1979.

Wehr

Arabic

Wehr, Hans. Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Ed. J.M. Cowan. 4th ed. Urbana, IL: Spoken Language Services, 1994.

WND

Persian

Windfuhr, Gernot L. Haoma/Soma: The Plant. Leiden: Brill, 1985.

Y

YED

Ottoman

Yıldız Kocasavaş, Yusuf Emirî Divanı. (unpublished study)