Located in the center of the Garden of Nightingales (the Bagh-i Bulbul), the Hasht Bihisht is one of Isfahan's two surviving
Safavid pavilions. Built under Shah Sulaiman some twenty years after the
Chihil Sutun, it is quite different in style from the earlier pavilion, although it exhibits the same concern for the interplay of interior and exterior spaces.
'Hasht Bihisht' translates as 'Eight Paradises' and refers to a
Timurid palace building type consisting of two stories of four corner rooms around a central domed space. In this example, the corner rooms are octagonal, forming massive pillars that define four large openings leading to large porches with wooden ceilings on the east, north and west facades. The south facade is punctured by a vaulted iwan. The vault of the central space is detailed with polychrome muqarnas and is capped with a lantern cupola. The openness of the pavilion to the exterior, with large open archways and the top-lit domed space, is enhanced with a fountain positioned under the dome.
Nineteenth century engravings reveal that the interior was once covered in tiles and wall paintings that have since been removed. Some of the original mirror mosaic remains on the vault.
Along with the
Ali Qapu and Chihil Sutun, the Hasht Behesht was restored by IsMEO - Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente for NOCHMI - National Organization for Conservation of Historic Monuments of Iran. The project, completed in 1977, received an Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1980.
Sources:
Babaie, Sussan. Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft and Shi’ism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran. Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Art, edited by Robert Hillenbrand. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
Blair, Sheila S. and Jonathan M. Bloom. The Art and Architecture of Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.
Ferrante, M. "Le Pavillon de Hast Bihist, ou les Huit Paradis, à Ispahan: Relevés et Problèmes s'y rattachant". In Travaux de Restauration de Monuments Historiques en Iran, edited by G. Zander, 399-420. Rome: IsMEO, 1968.
Pope, Arthur Upham. Persian Architecture: The Triumph of Form and Color. New York: George Braziller, 1965.
Pope, Arthur Upham, ed., with the assistance of Phyllis Ackerman. A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present. Vol. 3, Architecture, Its Ornament, City Plans, Gardens. 3rd ed. Tehran: Soroush Press, 1977.
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