Archnet > Publication > التطور الحضري و علاقته بتخطيط المدن و المناطق

Ruşen Keleş - <div><br></div><div><div>Keleş, Ruşen. Şehir ve Bölge Planlaması Bakımından Şehirleşme Hareketleri. Ankara: Ajans-Türk Matbaası, 1961, 323pp.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold;">ملخص</span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold;">التطور الحضري و علاقته بتخطيط المدن و المناطق</span></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-style: italic;">Şehir ve Bölge Planlaması Bakımından Şehirleşme Hareketleri</span></div></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ">ﯾﺴﺘﮭﻞ
اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ذا اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻌﺮض اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻀﺮي
و ﯾﻌﺮض وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮه اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ
ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن، ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﺑﺴﺒﺮ ﻋﺪة وﺟﮭﺎت
ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﻤﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ. و ﯾﻀﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﯿﻦ طﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﻓﺼﻼ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل
اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﺧﻼﻟﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ. ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ،
ﯾﺘﻄﺮق اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯿﺔ ﻋﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع و ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ
اﻟﻤﺪن و ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﻛﻤﺠﺎل ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ.</span><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">ﯾﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ و ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺠﻠﻰ
ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻮازن. و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﺎول ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﮭﺎ ظﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان
اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ و ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﯾﻠﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻠﺸﺮوط اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﺗﻮاﻓﺮھﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﺘﻤﺪن
و اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺮع ﻣﻦ وﺗﯿﺮﺗﮫ. و ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ
ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ و اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ
ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ. و ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ و اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ و اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ-
اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻔﯿﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺤﻀﺮي.</span><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﻓﻲ
اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ
ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺪن و اﻹدارة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ و ﺗﻄﻮرھﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﺘﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﯿﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ
اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ ﻛﻜﻞ و ﻋﻠﻰ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدات اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ. و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ أﯾﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﺞ
اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻋﺎرﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ
اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل طﺮق اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﯾﺆھﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ
ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرات إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء أﺻﻐﺮ. و ﯾﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ
ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ إﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﻤﺪّن ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر
ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻓﯿﺪرس أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ و إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ و
ھﻮﻟﻨﺪا و ﺑﻮرﺗﻮرﯾﻜﻮ و ﯾﻘﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن
اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪول.</span><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﻓﻲ
اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺟﺰءا ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ إذ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ
ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻄﺮح وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮه ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت
ﻣﺪﻧﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻗﯿﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.</span><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-IQ"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠﺎز
ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات
اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن. و ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺒﺮر ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﺪم ﻗﯿﺎم اﻟﮭﺠﺮة
ﺑﺨﻠﻖ أي ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺑﻨﯿﻮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮؤﯾﺔ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ و ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ. و ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ أﺧﺮى ﯾﻠﺠﺄ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت
اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا و ھﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ
اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﺠﺮة.</span><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
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<span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﻠﻘﯿﺲ رواﺷﺪ</span><br></span></span></span></span></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div>

Type

abstract

Year

2014

Keleş, Ruşen. Şehir ve Bölge Planlaması Bakımından Şehirleşme Hareketleri. Ankara: Ajans-Türk Matbaası, 1961, 323pp.

ملخص

التطور الحضري و علاقته بتخطيط المدن و المناطق

Şehir ve Bölge Planlaması Bakımından Şehirleşme Hareketleri

ﯾﺴﺘﮭﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ذا اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻌﺮض اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻀﺮي و ﯾﻌﺮض وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮه اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن، ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﺑﺴﺒﺮ ﻋﺪة وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﻤﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ. و ﯾﻀﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﯿﻦ طﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﻓﺼﻼ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﺧﻼﻟﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ. ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ، ﯾﺘﻄﺮق اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯿﺔ ﻋﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع و ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن و ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﻛﻤﺠﺎل ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ.

ﯾﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ و ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻮازن. و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﺎول ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﮭﺎ ظﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ و ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﯾﻠﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻠﺸﺮوط اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﺗﻮاﻓﺮھﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﺘﻤﺪن و اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺮع ﻣﻦ وﺗﯿﺮﺗﮫ. و ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ و اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ. و ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ و اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ و اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ- اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻔﯿﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺤﻀﺮي.

و ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺪن و اﻹدارة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ و ﺗﻄﻮرھﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﺘﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﯿﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ ﻛﻜﻞ و ﻋﻠﻰ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدات اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ. و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ أﯾﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻋﺎرﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل طﺮق اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﯾﺆھﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرات إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء أﺻﻐﺮ. و ﯾﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ إﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﻤﺪّن ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻓﯿﺪرس أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ و إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ و ھﻮﻟﻨﺪا و ﺑﻮرﺗﻮرﯾﻜﻮ و ﯾﻘﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪول.

و ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺟﺰءا ﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ إذ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻄﺮح وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮه ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت ﻣﺪﻧﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺪن ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻗﯿﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.

ﺗﻢ إﻧﺠﺎز ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن. و ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺒﺮر ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﺪم ﻗﯿﺎم اﻟﮭﺠﺮة ﺑﺨﻠﻖ أي ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺑﻨﯿﻮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮؤﯾﺔ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ و ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ. و ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ أﺧﺮى ﯾﻠﺠﺄ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا و ھﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﺠﺮة.

أوزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ

ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﻠﻘﯿﺲ رواﺷﺪ

Soylu Bozdağ, Özge. “Arabic abstract Urbanisation Processes in Relation to Regional and City Planning'". Translated by Balkis Rouashed In Cities as Built and Lived Environments: Scholarship from Muslim Contexts, 1875 to 2011, by Aptin Khanbaghi. 409. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.