Archnet > Publication > الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر

Seyfettin Ünlü - <div><br></div><div>Akyüz, Vecdi and Ünlü, Seyfettin (eds.). İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler. İstanbul: İlker Yayınları, 1996, 2 vols., 900pp.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">ملخص</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold;">الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر</span></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-style: italic;">İslam GeleneğInden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler</span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-style: italic;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ﺟﻤﻊ
اﻟﻤﺤﺮران وﺟﺪي أﻛﯿﻮز و ﺳﯿﻔﺘﯿﻦ أوﻧﻠﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪي اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﺗُﺴﺘﮭﻞ
ﺑﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة و ﻣﺪى اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ
اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ. و ﻓﻲ
ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق، ﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ
و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﻄﺎن اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ و آﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت
اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ.</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﻗﺪ
ﻛُﺮﱢﺳَﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺎت ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة
و اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة ﻛﻤﺎ ذُﻛِﺮَت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﯾﻦ
اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎراﺑﻲ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ٩٥٠م</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> و اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﻲ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ١٥٥٦م</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﯾﻘﺪم
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ طﺮأت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ
ﯾﺨﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ و اﻹدارة و اﻷﺳﻮاق و ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ و اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺰھﺎت
و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ و ﺷﺆون دﻓﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت
اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ظﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺘﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﯿﺔ، و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻼ
ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ آﻧﺬاك ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ
و اﻟﮭﺠﺮة و ﺗﻨﻘﻼت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻷوزان و اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ و اﻟﺪﻛﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻷﺳﻌﺎر. و ﯾﻐﻄﻲ
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﯿﺔ و اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ أھﻤﯿﺔ دور اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ
ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮّج ﻋﻠﻰ أول اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ و اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺎﺗﮭﻢ
ﺗﺠﺎه ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ.</span><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ
ﻣﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺔ، إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ
إﺷﺎرات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ. و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻹدارات اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎش
ﺑﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ و ﻣﺎ ﺗﻼھﺎ وﺻﻮﻻ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ؛ و ھﻮ ﻣﺎ
ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ أﺳﺴﮭﺎ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت
اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ اﻹداري. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﻢ طﺮح ﻓﻜﺮة ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ
ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤﯾﺔ اﻹدارات اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ روؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ
اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ أن
ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ روؤﺳﺎءھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﮭﺎ. إﻻ أن إﺣﺪى ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ و
ﺗﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ
اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ و ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ أن دﺧﻞ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻋﺎم
١٩٢١ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪن. و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ
ﻟﮭﺎﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﻨﺎﻟﺠﯿﻚ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻢ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل: اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ و ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">إﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮل</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">. و ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن
اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻛﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺳﯿﻮاس ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ و ﻣﺪن ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ
و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﻓﺎس و ﻗﺮطﺒﺔ</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL">وزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL">ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪرة</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL"><o:p></o:p></span></p></span></span></span></span></span></div>

Type

abstract

Year

2014

Akyüz, Vecdi and Ünlü, Seyfettin (eds.). İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler. İstanbul: İlker Yayınları, 1996, 2 vols., 900pp.

ملخص

الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر

İslam GeleneğInden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler

ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺮران وﺟﺪي أﻛﯿﻮز و ﺳﯿﻔﺘﯿﻦ أوﻧﻠﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪي اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﺗُﺴﺘﮭﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة و ﻣﺪى اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق، ﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﻄﺎن اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ و آﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ.

و ﻗﺪ ﻛُﺮﱢﺳَﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺎت ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة و اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة ﻛﻤﺎ ذُﻛِﺮَت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎراﺑﻲ «اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ٩٥٠م» و اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﻲ «اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ١٥٥٦م».

و ﯾﻘﺪم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ طﺮأت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ و اﻹدارة و اﻷﺳﻮاق و ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ و اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺰھﺎت و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ و ﺷﺆون دﻓﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ظﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺘﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﯿﺔ، و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ آﻧﺬاك ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﮭﺠﺮة و ﺗﻨﻘﻼت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻷوزان و اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ و اﻟﺪﻛﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻷﺳﻌﺎر. و ﯾﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﯿﺔ و اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ أھﻤﯿﺔ دور اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮّج ﻋﻠﻰ أول اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ و اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﺗﺠﺎه ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ.

و ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺔ، إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﺷﺎرات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ. و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻹدارات اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎش ﺑﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ و ﻣﺎ ﺗﻼھﺎ وﺻﻮﻻ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ؛ و ھﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ أﺳﺴﮭﺎ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ اﻹداري. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﻢ طﺮح ﻓﻜﺮة ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤﯾﺔ اﻹدارات اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ روؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ أن ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ روؤﺳﺎءھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﮭﺎ. إﻻ أن إﺣﺪى ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ و ﺗﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم.

و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ و ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ أن دﺧﻞ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻋﺎم ١٩٢١ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪن. و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺎﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﻨﺎﻟﺠﯿﻚ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻢ «إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل: اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ» و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ و ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ «إﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮل». و ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻛﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺳﯿﻮاس ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ و ﻣﺪن ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﻓﺎس و ﻗﺮطﺒﺔ.

وزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ

ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪرة

Soylu Bozdag, Ozge. '"Arabic abstract Urban and Local Administration: From the Early Islamic Period to the Present'". Translated by Hala Adra. In Cities as Built and Lived Environments: Scholarship from Muslim Contexts, 1875 to 2011, by Aptin Khanbaghi. 458. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.

Muslim Civilisations abstract the Aga Khan University

Public Domain

Türkiye

Arabic

İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler

Type

abstract

Year

2014

Akyüz, Vecdi and Ünlü, Seyfettin (eds.). İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler. İstanbul: İlker Yayınları, 1996, 2 vols., 900pp.

ملخص

الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر

İslam GeleneğInden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler

وزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ

ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪرة

Muslim Civilisations abstract the Aga Khan University

Public Domain

Türkiye

Arabic