B. Deniz Çalış compiled the bibliographies of authors who contributed to Middle East Garden Traditions: Unity and Diversity; Questions, Methods and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective. To this have been added references from the garden catalogue introductions as well as references for the multilingual glossary. The original project bibliography was supplemented in 2020 with new entries added by Sasson Chahanovich, 2018–2020 William R. Tyler Fellow, and 2024 by William R. Tyler Fellow Walid Akef.
Last updated: 29 January 2020.
Jump to: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Abdi. 1730 Patrona ihtilâli hakkinda bir eser tarihi. Edited by Faik Reşit Unat. Ankara: Türk tarih kurumu, 1943.
Abdi Bayg Shirazi, Zayn al-ʻAbidin ʻAli. Dawḥat al-azhār. Edited by Abulfaz Rahimov and ʻAli Minaʼi. Moscow: Idārah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Dānish, 1974.
Abu al-Fazl ʻAllami. The Akbar Nāmā of Abu-l-Fazl. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1897.
———. The Akbar Nāma of Abu-l-Fazl: History of the Reign of Akbar Including an Account of His Predecessors. Translated by Beveridge Henry. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1977.
———. The Āʾīn-i Akbarī. Edited by S. L. Goomer. Translated by H. Blochmann. 2nd ed. Delhi: Aadiesh Book Depot, 1965.
Abu-Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Agarwal, Anil, and Sunita Narain. Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential of India’s Traditional Water Harvesting Systems. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environ, 1997.
Ahmet Cevdet Paşa. Cevdet Paşa tarihinden seçmeler. Istanbul: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, 1994.
Aitchison, James Edward Tierney. Notes on the Products of Western Afghanistan and of North-Eastern Persia. Edinburgh: Neill, 1890.
Aktepe, M. Münir. “18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Kağıthane ve Sadabad.” TTOK Belleteni 72 (1984–85): 14–19.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 4, no. 7 (1952): 85–126.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 5, no. 8 (1953): 85–104.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 6, no. 9 (1954): 23–28.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 13, nos. 17–18 (1963): 17–25.
———. “İstanbul Fenerbahçesi hakkında bazı bilgiler.” Edebiyat Fakultesi Tarih Dergisi 32 (1979): 349–72.
———. “Kağıthane’ye Dair Bazı Bilgiler.” In Ord. Prof. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı’ya armağan, 335–63. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1976.
Al-Baghdadi, Abu Khatib. Tārīkh Baghdād aw madīnat al-salām. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, 1966.
Alcántara, Emilio Lafuente y. Inscripciones árabes de Granada: Precedidas de una reseña histórica y de la genealogia detallada de los reyes Alahmares. Madrid: Imprenta nacional, 1859.
Alemany Bolufer, Jose. “La geografía de la península Ibérica en los escritores árabes.” Revista del Centro de Estudies Historicos de Grandada y su Reino 9 (1919): 136–42.
Alemi, Mahvash. “Chahar Bagh.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1 (1966): 38–45.
———. “I giardini reali di Ashraf e Farahâbâd.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 201–16. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. “Il giardino persiano: tipi e modelli.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 39–62. Milan: Electa, 1994.
———. “The Royal Gardens of the Safavid Period: Types and Models.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 71–96. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
Al-Fashtali. Manâhil al-safâ fî akhbâr al-mulûk al-shurafâ. Rabat: A. Gannoun, 1964.
Alfieri, Bianca Maria. Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. London: Laurence Kind, 2000.
Alleaume, Ghislaine. “Les systèmes hydrauliques de l’Égypte prémoderne. Essai d’histoire du paysage.” In: Itinéraires d’Égypte. Mélanges offerts au père Maurice Martin s.j., Bibliothèque d’étude 107, edited by Christian Décobert. Pp. 301-322. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1992.
Allen, Terry. “Imagining Paradise in Islamic Art.” Sebastopol, CA: Solipsist Press, 1993.
———. Timurid Herat. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1983.
———. “The Tombs of the ‘Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 46 (1983): 421–31.
Alley, Kelly D. On the Banks of the Gaṅgā: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred River. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
Almagro Gorbea, Antonio. El palacio omeya de Amman. 3 vols. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Direccion General de Relaciones Culturales, 1983–2000.
———. “El Patio del Crucero de los Reales Alcázares de Sevilla.” Al-Qantara 20 (1999): 331–76.
———. “Jardín con plantas (y alzados) de papel.” In Arquitectura en al-Andalus, documentos para el siglo XXI, edited by A. Jiménez, 205–84. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1996.
———. Planimetría del Alcázar de Sevilla. Granada: R. A., CSIC, 2000.
———. “A La arquitectura en al-Andalus en torno al año 1000: Madinat al-Zahra.” In La península ibérica en torno al año 1000: VII congreso de estudios medievales: [León, 27 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 1999], 165–91. Ávila: Fundación Sánchez-Albornoz, 2001.
———. “La recuperación del jardín medieval del Patio de las Doncellas.” Apuntes del Alcázar de Sevilla 6 (2005): 44–67.
———. “El palacio de Pedro I en Tordesillas: Realidad e hipótesis.” Reales Sitios 163 (2005): 2–13.
———. “Preserving the Architectural Heritage of Al-Andalus: From Restoration to Virtual Reconstruction.” Al-Masaq 19, no. 2 (2007): 155–75.
———. “Una nueva interpretación del patio de la Casa de Contratación del Alcázar de Sevilla.” Al-Qantara 28, no. 1 (2007): 181–228.
Almagro, Antonio, and Ana Almagro-Vidal. “La expresión gráfica en el análisis del Patrimonio: El patio del Crucero del Alcázar de Sevilla.” In Actas del IX Congreso internacional de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, EGA 2002, Re-Visiones: enfoques en docencia e investigación, 517–22. La Coruña, 2002.
Almagro, Antonio, et al. “Madinat al-Zahra, Investigación y representación.” In VIII Congreso Ibero-Americano de Gráfica Digital, SIGraDi 2004, El sentido y el universo digital, 47–49. São Leopoldo (Brasil), 2004.
Almagro, Antonio, and Antonio Orihuela. “El Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo de Granada.” In Casas y palacios de Al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 241–53. [Málaga]: Junta de Andalucía, 1995.
———. “Propuesta de intervención en el Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo (Granada).” Logia 4 (1997): 22–29.
Almagro Basch, Martín, et al. Qusayr ʻAmra: Residencia y baños omeyas en el desierto de Jordania. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Dirección General de Relaciones Culturales, y Junta para la Protección de Monumentos y Bienes Culturales en el Exterior, 1975.
Almagro-Vidal, Ana. “La evolución del espacio en la arquitectura palatina andalusí. Un análisis perceptivo a través de la infografía.” Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universidad de Granada, 2005.
Al-Maqqari, Ahmad. The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain. Translated by Pascual Gayangos. 2 vols. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1984.
Alvi, M. A. Jahangir: The Naturalist. National Institute of Sciences of India, 1968.
Alvi, Mujtaba Ahmad, and Abdur Rahman. Jahangir: The Naturalist. Reprint. New Delhi: Indian national science academy, 1989.
Amar, Zohar. The Book of Incense. Tel Aviv: Erets; ha-Mador le-toldot ha-refuʼah be-Erets-Yiśraʼel; Merkaz Ingeborg Renerṭ le-limude Yerushalayim, 2002.
Amar, Zohar, and Afraim Lev. “Trends in the Use of Perfumes and Incense in the Near East After the Muslim Conquests.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 23, no. 1 (2013): 11–30.
Ameli, Abdullah J., A. Montazer, and S. Ayvazian. “Repères sur l’évolution urbaine d’Ispahan.” In Maison d’Ispahan, edited by Darab Diba, P. Revault, and S. Santelli, 23–43. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2001.
Amit, David, Joseph Patrich, and Yizhar Hirschfeld, eds. The Aqueducts of Israel. Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2002.
Anderson, Glaire D. “Aristocratic Residences and the Majlis in Umayyad Córdoba.” In Music, Sound, and Architecture in Islam, edited by Michael Frishkopf and Federico Spinetti, 228–54. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018.
Anderson, Glaire. The Islamic Villa in Early Medieval Iberia : Architecture and Court Culture in Umayyad Córdoba. Farnham, Surrey ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013.
Andrews, Walter G. Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric Poetry. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985.
Andrews, Walter G., Najaat Black, and Mehmet Kalpaklı. Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997.
Andrews, Walter G., and Mehmet Kalpaklı. The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
Anonymous (Archbishop of Ancyrus). Relation d’une mission faite nouvellement par Mgr l’archevêque d’Ancyre à Ispahan en Perse, pour la réunion des Arméniens à l’Eglise catholique. Paris: Jean de Nully, 1702.
Archaeological Survey of India—Photographs in the India Office Collections in the British Library. Surrey: Emmett Publishers, 1993.
Arel, Ayda. Onsekizinci yüzyıl Istanbul mimarısınde batılılasma süreci. Istanbul: I.T.U. Mimarlık Fakültesi Baskı Atölyesi, 1975.
Arianpour, Ali-Reza. Bāghhā-i tārīkh-i Shirāz. Tehran: Farhang-Sara, 1986.
Arié, Rachel. “Une metropole hispanomusulmane au Bas Moyen Age: Grenade nasride.” Les cahiers de Tunisie 34, nos. 137–38 (1986): 47–67.
Arjona Castro, Antonio. Anales de Córdoba musulmana, 711–1008. Córdoba: Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1982.
Armağan, Mustafa, ed. İstanbul armağanı. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 1995.
Arnold, Felix. “El área palatina: Evolución arquitectónica.” In La Alcazaba: Fragmentos para una historia de Almería, edited by Ángela Suárez Márquez, 91–110. Seville: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura, 2005.
Arnold, Felix, Alberto Canto García, and Antonio Vallejo Triano, eds. Munyat ar-Rummaniya: Ein Islamischer Landsitz bei Córdoba. Madrider Beiträge 34. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2015.
Arnold, Felix, Alberto Canto García, and Antonio Vallejo Triano, eds. Munyat ar-Rummaniya: Die Gartenanlagen. Madrider Beiträge 39. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2019
———. “Islamische Wohnburgen auf der iberischen Halbinsel: Neue Ergebnisse einer Bauaufnahme in Almería.” Architectura: Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Der Baukunst 33, no. 2 (2003): 153–74.
Arnold, Thomas Walker. Chronicle of Akbar the Great: A Description of a Manuscript of the Akbar-Nāma Illustrated by the Court Painters. Oxford: Printed for presentation to the members of the Roxburghe Club, 1937.
Arslan, Mehmet. Türk edebiyatında manzum surnâmeler: Osmanlı saray düğünleri ve şenlikleri. Maltepe, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Başkanlığı, 1999.
Artan, Tülay. “Architecture as a Theatre of Life: Profile of the Eighteenth Century Bosphorus.” PhD dissertation, MIT, 1989.
Asher, Catherine B. Architecture of Mughal India. 1st ed. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
———. “Babur and the Timurid Char Bagh: Use and Meaning.” In Mughal Architecture: Pomp and Ceremonies, 46–55. Rome: Dell’Oca, 1991.
———. “Gardens of the Nobility: Raja Man Singh and the Bagh-I Wah.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat, 61–72. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
——— “The Mausoleum of Sher Shah Suri.” Artibus Asiae 39, nos. 3-4 (1977): 273–98.
———. “Sub-Imperial Palaces: Power and Authority in Mughal India.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 281–302.
Asher, Catherine B., and Cynthia Talbot. India before Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Asif, Muhammad Hashim, and ʻAzızullah ʻAlızadah. Rustam al-tavārı̄kh. Tehran: Firdaws, 2001.
Asiltürk, Bâki. Osmanlı seyyahlarının gözüyle Avrupa. Istanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları, 2000.
Aşkar, Mustafa. Molla Fenârı̂ ve vahdet-i vücûd anlayışı. Ankara: Muradiye Kültür Vakfı, 1993.
Astarabadi, Husayn ibn Murtaza Husayni. Tārīkh-i sulṭānī: az Shaykh Ṣafī tā Shāh Ṣafī. Edited by Ihsan Ishraqi. Tehran: ʻIlmī, 1987.
Atasoy, Nurhan. 15. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyıla Osmanlı bahçeleri ve hasbahçeler. Istanbul: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Güzel Sanatlar Genel Müdürlüğü, 2005.
———. A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture. 1st ed. [Turkey]: Aygaz, 2002.
Atil, Esin. “Surname-i Vehbi: An Eighteenth Century Ottoman Book of Festivals.” PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 1969.
———. “The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Festival.” Muqarnas 10 (1993): 181–200.
Atil, Esin, and Levni. Levni ve Surname: Bir osmanli senliginin Öyküsü. Istanbul: Koçbank, 1999.
Atkinson, James. The Expedition into Afghanistan: Notes and Sketches Descriptive of the Country, Contained in a Personal Narrative during the Campaign of 1839 & 1840, up to the Surrender of Dost Mahomed Khan. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1842.
Avanzini, Alessandra, and G. W. Bowersock, eds. “Perfumes and Power.” In Profumi d’Arabia: Atti Del Convegno, 543–56. Rome: “L’Erma” di Bretschneider, 1997.
Avigad, Nahman. Discovering Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Shikmona and the Israel Exploration Society, 1983.
Avi-Yonah, Michael. The Madaba Mosaic Map with Introduction and Commentary. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1954.
Azimi, Negar. “Matter and Mind: Shirin Sabahi.” Bidoun Magazine (September 2018). Accessed 17 October 2020.
Aziz, Khursheed Kamal. The Meaning of Islamic Art: Explorations in Religious Symbolism and Social Relevance. Lahore: al-Faisal, 2004.
Babur, Zahir Al Din Muhammad. Bâburnâma: Chaghatay Turkish Text with Abdul-Rahim Khankhanan’s Persian Translation. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Cambridge, Mass.: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 1993.
———. Babur-Nama. Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2002.
———. The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. Edited and translated by W. M. Thackston. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press, 1996.
Bailey, Gauvin. “The Sweet-Smelling Notebook: An Unpublished Mughal Source on Garden Design.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 129–39. Leiden; New York; Cologne: Brill, 1997.
Ballester-Olmos, José Francisco. El Jardín valenciano: Origen y caracterización estilística. Valencia: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 1998.
Bannerji, S. K. “Shah Jehan’s Monuments in Agra.“ Journal of United Provinces Historical Society 17 (1944): 55–70.
———. “Shah Jehan’s Monuments in Delhi and Ajmer.” Journal of United Provinces Historical Society 19 (1946): 148–62.
Barkan, Ömer Lutfi. XV ve XVI’inci asırlarda Osmanlı imparatorluğunda ziraı̄ ekonominin hukukı̄ ve malı̄ esasları. Istanbul: Bürhaneddin Matbaası, 1945.
Bauer, Thomas. Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Ḥanīfa ad-Dīnawarı̄. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1988.
Bayrakdar, Mehmet, and Dawud ibn Mahmud Qaysari. Kayserili Dâvûd: (Dâvûdu’l-Kayserî). [Ankara]: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 1988.
Beach, Milo Cleveland, Ebba Koch, and W. M. Thackston. King of the World: The Padshahnama; An Imperial Mughal Manuscript from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle. London: Azimuth Editions; Distributed by Thames and Hudson, 1997.
Beaudouin, Eugène E. “Ispahan sous les grands Chahs, XVIIe siècle.” Urbanisme 2, no. 10 (1933): 8–42.
Bedal, Leigh-Ann. The Petra Pool-Complex: A Hellenistic Paradeisos in the Nabataean Capital (Results from the Petra “Lower Market” Survey and Excavation, 1998). Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2004.
Bedreddin, Şeyh. Vâridât. Translated by Cemil Yener. Istanbul: Elif Yayınları, 1970.
Begley, Wayne. “The Garden of the Taj Majal: A Case Study of Mughal Architectural Planning and Symbolism.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat Jr. and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 213–31. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1996.
———. “The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning.” Arts Bulletin 61 (1979): 7–37.
Begley, Wayne, and Z. A. Desai. Taj Mahal: The Illumined Tomb: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Mughal and European Documentary Sources. Cambridge, MA: Agha Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, 1989.
Behrens-Abousseif, Doris. Azbakkiya and Ist Environs from Azbak to Isma’il, 1476-1879. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1985.
———. “Gardens in Islamic Egypt.” Der Islam 69, no. 2 (1992): 302–12.
Bellafiore, Giuseppe. La Zisa di Palermo. Palermo: Flaccovio, 1978.
———. Architettura in Sicilia nella eta islamica e normana (827-1194). Palermo: Arnolod Lombardi Editore, 1990.
Beltrán Martínez, Antonio. La Aljafería. Zaragoza: Cortes de Aragón, 1998.
Ben Arie, Jesosua. “Comparison of the Quarrying Systems of Caves and Pits of Beth Guvrin.” Studies in the Geography of Israel 6 (1968): 126–36.
Ben David, Haim. “Oil Presses and Oil Production in the Golan in the Mishnaic and Talmudic Period.” ‛Atiqot 34 (1998): 1–62, 5*–6*.
Bergdolt, Ernst. “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Botanik im Orient I.” Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 50, no. 6 (1932): 321–36.
———. “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Botanik im Orient III: Wasseranzeigende Pflanzen.” Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 54, no. 2 (1936): 127–34.
Berkes, Niyazi. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1964.
Bermúdez de Pedraza, Francisco. Antiguëdad y excelencias de Granada. Madrid: Luis Sanchez, 1608.
Bermúdez Pareja, Jesus. “El Generalife después del incendio de 1958.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 1 (1965): 9–39.
Bernier, François. Travels in the Mogul Empire, AD 1656–1668. Edited by Archibald Constable and Vincent A. Smith. Translated by Irving Brock. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Oriental Reprint, 1983.
———. Un libertin dans l’Inde moghole: les voyages de François Bernier, 1656–1669. Collection Magellane. Paris: Chandeigne, 2008.
Beşir Çelebi. Tarih-i Edirne. Edited by İsmail Ertaylan. Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Matbaası, 1960.
Beveridge, Annette Susannah. Bābur-Nāma (Memoirs of Bābur). New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1970.
Beyan-ı Menazil-i Sefer-i Irakeyn. Istanbul University Rare Books and Manuscripts Library.
Bilgin, Bülent. Geçmişte Yıldız Sarayı. Istanbul: Yıldız Sarayı Vakfı, 1988.
Bingley, A. H. Caste, Tribes & Culture of Rajputs. Edited by Krishna Prakash Bahadur. Rev. ed. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1978.
Bisheh, Gazhi. “Hammam Al-Sarah in the Light of Recent Excavations.” Damaszener Mitteilungen 4 (1989): 225–30.
———. “Qasr Al-Hallabat: An Umayyad Desert Retreat or Farm Land.” Studies on the History and Archaeology of Jordan 2 (1985): 263–65.
Blake, Stephen P. Half the World: The Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590–1722. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Pub., 1999.
Blessing, Patricia. “The Vessel as Garden: The ‘Alhambra Vases’ and Sensory Perception in Nasrid Architecture,” in: Sensory Reflections: Traces of Experience in Medieval Artifacts, ed. Fiona Griffiths and Kathryn Starkey (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018), 116-141.
Blouin, Katherine. Triangular Landscapes: Environment, Society, and the State in the Nile Delta Under Roman Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Blunt, Wilfird. “The Persian Garden Under Islam.” Apollo 103, nos. 170–72 (1976): 302–6.
Bonet Correa, Antonio. “El Renacimiento y el Barroco en los jardines musulmanes españoles.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 4 (1965): 3–20.
Bouchnik, Ram, Guy Bar-Oz, and Roni Reich. “Animal Remains from the City Dump of Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period.” New Studies on Jerusalem 10 (2004): 71–80.
Bowersock, G. W. Roman Arabia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Brand, Michael. “The Shahdara Gardens of Lahore.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 189–212. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
Brand, Michael, and Glenn D. Lowry, eds. Fatehpur-Sikri: A Sourcebook. Cambridge, Mass.: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985.
Breckle, Siegmar-Walter, Wolfgang Frey, and Ian C. Hedge. “Botanical Literature of Afghanistan.” Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 29 (1969): 357–71.
Briant, Pierre. Darius dans l’ombre d’Alexandre. Paris: Fayard, 2003.
Brignoli, Jean-Do. “Architecture et pouvoir: Hiérarchisation de l’espace et symbolique royale dans les complexes palatiaux safavides et qâdjârs.” DEA, Université Aix-Marseille I, 2000.
———. “Pascal Coste en Perse (1839–1842). L’apport d’un orientaliste à la recherche sur l’architecture palatiale: le cas d’Isfahan.” In L’Orient des architectes. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2006.
Broshi, Magen. “Demographic Changes in Ancient Eretz-Israel: Methodology and Estimates.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 49–56. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Brothers, Cammy. “The Renaissance Reception of the Alhambra: The Letters of Andrea Navagero and the Palace of Charles V.” Muqarnas 11 (1994): 79–102.
Brownlow, Margaret E. Herbs and the Fragrant Garden. 2nd rev. and enl. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Bruyn, Cornelis de. Voyages de Corneille le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes orientales. Amsterdam: chez les Frères Wetstein, 1718.
Bujarrabal, Maria Luisa, and José Luis Sancho. “El palacio mudéjar de Tordesillas.” Reales Sitios 106 (1990): 29–36.
Bunbury, Judith. The Nile and Ancient Egypt: Changing Land- and Waterscapes, from the Neolithic to the Roman Era. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Burnes, Sir Alexander. Cabool: Being a Personal Narrative of a Journey To, and Residence in That City, in the Years 1836, 1837 and 1838. London, 1842.
Busbecq, Ogier Ghislain de. The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople, 1554–1562. Translated by Edward Foster. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
———. The Life and Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. Edited by Charles Thornton Forster and Francis Henry Blackburne Daniell. London: C. K. Paul, 1881.
Byne, M. S., and A. Byne. Spanish Gardens and Patios. London: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1928.
Byron, Robert. The Road to Oxiana. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Cabo-González, Ana M. “The Study of the Evolution of Fruits Preservation Techniques in the Iberian Peninsula Through the Agronomic Andalusian Works, Their Roman Antecedents and Posterior Footprint in the Renaissance.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 24, no. 1 (2014): 139–68.
Çalış, B. Deniz. “Ideal and Real Spaces of Imagination: Continuity and Change in Ottoman Rituals of Poetry (Istanbul, 1453–1730).” PhD dissertation, Middle East Technical University, 2004.
Camberlain, Pierre. “Nile Basin Climates.” In: The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use, Monographiae Biologicae Series, 89, edited by Henri J. Dumont. Pp. 307-333. The Hague: Springer, 2019: pp. 307-333.
Can, Selman. Belgelerle Çırağan Sarayı. 1st ed. Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, 1999.
Canaye, Philippe, sieur de Fresne, and Henri Hauser. Le voyage du Levant de Philippe du Fresne-Canaye (1573). Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science, 1995.
Caro Baroja, Julio. Los moriscos del reino de Granada; Ensayo de historia social. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Políticos, 1957.
Caro, Rodrigo. Antigüedades y principado de la ilustrísima ciudad de Sevilla: Y chorographia de su convento júridico, o, antigua cancillería. Seville: A. Grande, 1634.
Carroll, Maureen. Earthly Paradises: Ancient Gardens in History and Archaeology. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003.
Casares, Manuel, José Tito, and Esther Cruces. “El jardín del Patio de la Acequia del Generalife. I. Su evolución en la documentación escrita y gráfica.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 39 (2003): 63–86.
Casares, Manuel, José Tito, and M. Socorro. “El jardín del Patio de la Acequia del Generalife. II. Consideraciones a partir del análisis palinológico.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 39 (2003): 87–108.
Çeçen, Kâzım. İstanbul’un Osmanlı dönemi suyolları. Edited by Celâl Kolay. Istanbul: [İstanbul Büyük Şehir Belediyesi, İstanbul su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi], 1999.
Cerasi, Maurice. “Town and Architecture in the 18th Century.” In Istanbul, Constantinople, Byzantium. Bologna: Éditrice compositori, 1997.
Chakravarti and Chhabra, Epigraphia Indica 29–30 (1951–1953).
Chardin, Jean. Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient: Enrichis de figures en taille-douce. New ed. Amsterdam: De la Compagnie, 1735.
Cherian, Danny. “Land, Water and Urban Form in Sultanate Delhi: Hydraulics and City Planning from 1200-1500 A.D.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design: Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26-29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 1:225–28. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
Chittick, William C. The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn Al-ʻArabī’s Cosmology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
———. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-ʻArabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Clairac, Louis-André de La Mamie. Histoire de Perse, depuis le commencement de ce siècle. Paris: C.-A. Jombert, Librarie du Roi pour l’Artillerie & le Gènie, 1750.
Clark, Arthur P., et al., eds. A Land Transformed: The Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Aramco. Dahran, KSA: Saudi Arabian Oil Co., 2006.
Clark, Emma. Underneath Which Rivers Flow: The Symbolism of the Islamic Garden. London: Prince of Wales’s Institute of Architecture, 1996.
Cleray, Edmond. “Le voyage de Pierre Lescalopier ‘Parisien’ de Venise à Constantinople, l’an 1574.” Revue d’histoire diplomatique 35 (1921): 21–55.
Clusius, Carolus. Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia. Antwerp: Plantini, 1576.
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus. On Agriculture. Translated by Harrison Boyd Ash. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, 1941.
Conan, Michel, ed. Baroque Garden Cultures: Emulation, Sublimation, Subversion. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2005.
Conan, Michel, W. John Kress, and Maria E. Subtelny, eds. “Visionary Rose: Metaphorical Interpretation of Horticultural Practice in Medieval Persian Mysticism.” In Botanical Progress: Horticultural Innovation and Cultural Change, 13–34. Washington, D.C.; Cambridge, Mass.: Published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; Distributed by Harvard University Press, 2007.
Cooper, John P. The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Medieval Egypt. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2015.
Corbin, Henry, and Ralph Manheim. Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn ’Arabi. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Corrales Ruíz, Joaquin. “Huertos y cármenes granadinos.” Granada gráfica (June 1923).
Coste, Pascal Xavier. Itinéraire de l’ambassade Française en Perse sous M. le Comte de Sercey, et des excursions scientifiques des deux artistes attachés à cette mission, par M. Pascal Coste, architecte. Manuscripts 1127–1137. Bibliothèque Municipale, Marseille.
Cotton, Hannah M., John David Thomas, and Joseph Geiger. Masada: The Yigael Yadin Excavations, 1963–1965. Vol. 2, The Latin and Greek Documents. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1989.
Cotton, H. M. “Ein Gedi between the Two Revolts.” Scripta Classica Israelica 20 (2001): 139–54.
Crane, Howard C. “Babur: 1483–1530: Mogul Ruler and Garden Designer.” In Encyclopedia of Gardens: History and Design, edited by Candice A. Shoemaker, 1:98–101. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2001.
Creswell, K. A. C. A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture. Rev. and enl. ed. Aldershot: Scolar, 1989.
———. Early Muslim Architecture. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
Crowe, Sylvia and Haywood, Sheila. The Gardens of Mughal India. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972.
Cunliffe, B. “Roman Gardens in Britain: A Review of the Evidence.” In Ancient Roman Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, 97–108. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University, 1981.
Dalloway, James. Constantinople Ancient and Modern, with Excursions to the Shores and Islands of the Archipelago and to the Troad. By James Dallaway, M.B. F.S.A. Late Chaplain and Physician of The British Embassy to the Porte. London: printed by T. Bensley, for T. Cadell Junr. & W. Davies, in the Strand, 1797.
Danby, Herbert, trans. The Mishnah. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.
Dar, Saifur Rehman. Historical Gardens of Lahore. Lahore: Aziz Publishers, 1982.
Dar, Shimʻon. Landscape and Pattern: An Archaeological Survey of Samaria 800 B.C.E.–636 C.E. 2 vols. Oxford: B.A.R., 1986.
Dar, Shimon. “Agriculture and Agricultural Produce in Eretz-Israel in the Roman-Byzantine Period.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 142–69. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Dauphin, Claudine. La Palestine byzantine: Peuplement et populations. 3 vols. BAR international series 726. Oxford: Archaeopress; Distributed by Hadrian Books, 1998.
Davis, Fanny. The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. New York: Charles Cribner’s Sons, 1970.
Davies, Philip. Splendours of the Raj: British Architecture in India, 1660-1947. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987.
Davison-Jenkins, Dominic J. The Irrigation and Water Supply Systems of Vijayanagara. New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies at Manohar, 1997.
Delgado Valero, Clara. Toledo islámico: Ciudad, arte e historia. Toledo: Zocodover, 1987.
Della Valle, Pietro. I viaggi di Pietro Della Valle. Vol. 1, Lettere dalla Persia. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1972.
———. Suite des fameux voyages de Pietro della Valle gentilhomme romain, surnommé l’illustre voyageur avec une description tres curieuse de tous les lieux où il a passé, de l’estime qu’il s’est acquise en la cour de Perse et du suscez dans ses négociations en faveur des chrétiens du Païs et des parents de M. Maani son épouse. Ensemble l’entrée magnifique des ambassadeurs d’Espagne, de Moscouie, de Turquie, de l’Inde et du grand Mogol dans Cazuis et Ardebil seconde partie. Paris: chez Gervais Clouzier, 1662.
Demiriz, Yıldız. “Tulips in Ottoman Turkish Culture and Art.” In The Tulip: A Symbol of Two Nations, edited by Michiel Roding and Hans Theunissen. 57–75. Utrecht: M. Th. Houtsma Stichting, 1993.
Demos, TJ. “Contemporary Art and the Politics of Ecology: An Introduction.” Third Text 27, no. 1 (Jan 2013): 1–9.
Deverdun, Gaston. Marrakech, des origines à 1912. 2 vols. Rabat: Éditions techniques nord-africaines, 1959.
Dickie, James. “The Hispano-Arab Garden: Its Philosophy and Function.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 21 (1968): 237–48.
———. “The Islamic Garden in Spain.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth Macdougall and Richard Ettinghausen. 89–105. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1976.
———. “The Mughal Garden: Gateway to Paradise.” Muqarnas 3 (1985): 128–37.
———. “Garden and Cemetery in Sinan’s Istanbul.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1, no. 2 (1987): 70–85.
———. “Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain.” In The Legacy of Muslim Spain, edited by Salma K. Jayyusi, 88–111. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
Dictionnaire des hommes illustres de Marrakech. Rabat: Imprimerie Royale, 1973.
Dieulafoy, Jane. Une amazone en Orient: Du Caucase à Persépolis, 1881–1882. Paris: Phébus, 2010.
Dirks, Nicholas B. The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Di Segni Campagnano, Leah. “L’iscrizione metrica greca di Khirbet er-Rajib.” Liber Annuus 38 (1988): 253–65.
Domínguez Casas, Rafael. Arte y etiqueta de los reyes católicos: Artistas, residencias, jardines y bosques. Madrid: Alpuerto, 1993.
Dubourg-Noves, Pierre. “Le style gothique français et les Alcazars chrétiens de Seville et de Cordove (XIIIe siècle).” In Actes du 94e Congrès national des sociétés savantes, Pau, 1969, 165–85. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1971.
Dufková, Marie, and Jan Pečírka. “ОБЗОРЬІ. ДИСКУССИЯ. Research in Progress. Discussion. Excavation of Farms and Farmhouses in the Chora of Chersonesos in the Crimea.” Eirene: Studia Graeca et Latina. 8 (1970): 123–74.
Dumont, Henri J., ed. The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use, Monographiae Biologicae Series, 89. The Hague: Springer, 2019.
Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi. 8 vols. Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı ve Tarih Vakfı’nın ortak yayınıdır, 1993.
Dupree, Nancy Hatch. An Historical Guide to Afghanistan. Kabul: Afghan Air Authority, Afghan Tourist Organization, 1971.
Eaton, Richard Maxwell. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
Eberhardt, Einar. Plant Life of the Karakorum: The Vegetation of the Upper Hunza Catchment (Northern Areas, Pakistan): Diversity, Syntaxonomy, Distribution. Berlin: J. Cramer, 2004.
Eck, Diana L. Darsán, Seeing the Divine Image in India. 2nd rev. and enl. Chambersburg, Pa.: Anima Books, 1985.
Edwardes, S. M. Babur: Diarist and Despot. London: A. M. Philpot, ltd., 1926.
Eldem, Sedad Hakkı. Saʾdabad. Ankara; Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı; Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü, 1977.
———. Türk bahçeleri. Ankara; Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı; Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü, 1976.
El Faïz, Mohammed. L’agronomie de la Mésopotamie antique: analyse du « Livre de l'agriculture nabatéenne » de Qûṯâmä. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
———. Arsat Moulay Abdeslam: Le temps des jardins princiers à Marrakesh. Morocco: Okad Al Jadida, 2005.
———. Jardins de Marrakech. Paris: Actes Sud, 2000.
———. Jardins du Maroc, d’Espagne et du Portugal. Un art de vivre partage. Arles: Actes Sud, 2003.
———. Les jardins historiques de Marrakech: Mémoire écologique d’une ville impériale. Florence: EDIFIR, 1996.
———. Les maîtres de l’eau: Histoire de l’hydraulique arabe. 1st ed. Arles: Actes Sud, 2005.
———. “Un traité des engrais d'après le Livre de l'agriculture nabatéenne.” Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée 39 (1997): 5–25.
El Faïz, Mohammed, Manuel Gómez Anuarbe, and Teresa Portela Marques. Jardins du Maroc, d’Espagne et du Portugal: un art de vivre partagé. Arles: Actes Sud, 2003.
Eldem, Sedad H. and Feridun Akozan. Topkapı Sarayı bir Mimari Araştırma. Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1982.
Elliot, H. M. Shah Jahan. Lahore: Sh. Mubarak Ali, 1975.
———. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period. Edited by John Dowson. 8 vols. New York: AMS Press, 1966.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart. An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, and Its Dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: Comprising a View of the Afghaun Nation, and a History of the Dooraunee Monarchy. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown . . . and J. Murray . . ., 1815.
Erdoğan, Muzaffer. “Osmanlı Devrinde İstanbul Bahçeleri.” Vakıflar Dergisi 4 (1958): 149–82.
Ergin, Nina. “The Soundscape of Sixteenth-Century Istanbul Mosques: Architecture and Qur’an Recital,” JSAH 67, no. 2 (June 2008): 204–221.
Escribano Ucelay, Víctor. Estudio histórico artístico del Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos de Córdoba. Córdoba: Publicaciones del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1972.
Ettinghausen, Richard, Oleg Grabar, and M. Jenkins-Madina. Islamic Art and Architecture, 650-1250. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2587. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2593. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2598. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2605. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2607. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2986. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2988. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2599. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
Evenari, Michael, Leslie Shanan, and Naphtali Tadmor. The Negev: The Challenge of a Desert. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Evin, Ahmet Ömür. “A Poem by Nedim: Some Thoughts on Criticsm of Turkish Literature and an Essay.” Edebiyat: A Journal of Middle Eastern and Comparative Literature 2, no. 1 (1977): 43–55.
———. “Batılılaşma ve Lale Devri.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:40–60. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
———. “Nedim: Poet of the Tulip Age: The Beginning of Western Influences and Westernization in Turkey: 1718–1730.” PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1973.
Evliya Çelebi. Seyahatnâmesi. Edited by Yücel Dağlı, Robert Dankoff, and Seyit Ali Kahraman. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1999.
Evyapan, Gönül. Old Turkish Gardens: Old Istanbul Gardens in Particular. Ankara: METU Faculty of Architecture Press, 1999.
Evyapan, Gönül Aslanoğlu. Eski Türk bahc̦eleri ve özellikle eski İstanbul bahc̦eleri. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, 1972.
Ewert, Christian. Spanisch-islamische Systeme sich kreuzender Bögen. Vol. 3, Die Aljafería in Zaragoza. 2 vols. Heidelberg: F. H. Kerle, 1978.
———. “Tradiciones omeyas en la arquitectura palatina de la época de los taifas. La Aljafería de Zaragoza.” In Actas del XXIII Congreso Internacional de Historia del Arte (Granada 1973), 2:62–75. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1977.
Eyice, Semavi. “Kağıthane, Sadabad-Çağlayan.” Taç 1 (1986): 29–86.
———. “Tarih İçinde İstanbul ve Şehrin Gelişmesi.” In Atatürk Konferansları, 1975, 17:89–182. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1980.
Faïz, Mohammed El, and Rachid Bendaoud. Les jardins de Marrakech. Arles: Actes Sud, 2000.
Farrar, Linda. Ancient Roman Gardens. Stroud: Sutton Pub., 1998.
———. Gardens of Italy and the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire: From the 4th Century BC to the 4th Century AD. BAR International Series 650. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1996.
Fat, Leslie T. S. and Erik de Jong, eds. The Authentic Garden. Leiden: Clusius Foundation, 1991.
Feliks, Yehuda. Agriculture in Palestine in the Period of the Mishna and Talmud. Jerusalem; Tel Aviv: Magness Press and Dvir Press, 1963.
———. “The History of Balsamon Cultivation in the Land of Israel.” In The Village in Ancient Israel, edited by Shimʻon Dar and Zeev Safrai, 275–95. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1997.
Fernández García, Rafael. “Historia del jardín sevillano: Recopilación y edición crítica de fuentes.” Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Sevilla, 1995.
Fernandez Puertas, Antonio. The Alhambra I, From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354). London: Saqi Books, 1997.
Fernandez Ruiz, José A. “Scientific and Ethical Scope of Digital Modelling in Architectonic Heritage.” In VAST 2001: Virtual Reality, Archaeology, and Cultural Heritage; Glyfada, Greece, November 28–30, 2001; Proceedings. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2001.
Fernandez Ruiz, José Antonio. “Criterios y método para la modelación digital del Patrimonio Arquitectónico.” EGA: revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 7 (2002): 73–78.
Findly, Ellison Banks. Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. “Nur Jahan’s Embroidery Trade and Flowers of the Taj Mahal.” Asian Art and Culture (1996): 7–25.
Fischer, Moshe L., et al. ‘En Boqeq: Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea II. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 2000.
Fish, Suzanne K. “Archeological Palynology of Gardens and Fields.” In The Archaeology of Garden and Field, edited by Naomi Frances Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason, 44–69. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Foltz, Richard. Mughal India and Central Asia. Karachi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ford, Richard. Granada: escritos con dibujos inéditos del autor. Translated by Alfonso Gámir Sandoval. Granada, 1955.
Forkel, Hermann, et al., eds. Die Gärten des Islam. London: H. Mayer, 1993.
Foster, K. P. “Gardens of Eden: Exotic Flora and Fauna in the Ancient Near East.” In Transformations of Middle Eastern Natural Environments: Legacies and Lessons, edited by Jeff Albert, M. Berhardsson, and R. Kenna, 320–29. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University, 1998.
———. “The Earliest Zoos and Gardens.” Scientific American 281 (1999): 48–55.
Foster, William. Early Travels in India, 1583–1619. Delhi: S. Chand, 1968.
Frankel, Rafael. “The Screw Press Used in Wine Production in the Land of Israel and Its Environs during the Byzantine Period.” In The Village in Ancient Israel, edited by Shimʻon Dar and Zeev Safrai, 193–207. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1997.
Gadot, Yuval, and Yotam Tepper. “A Late Byzantine Pottery Workshop at Khirbet Baraqa.” Tel Aviv 30, no. 1 (2003): 130–62.
Galland, Antoine. İstanbul’a ait günlük hâtıralar (1672–1673). Translated by Nahid Sırrı Örik. 2nd ed. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1987.
Gallego y Burín, Antonio. “Los jardines.” El Sol, July 21, 1919.
———. “Los jardines.” Renovación, October 30, 1919.
Gallotti, Jean. Le jardin et la maison arabe au Maroc. 2 vols. Paris: Editions Albert Levy, 1926.
Gamero, Antonio Martín. Los cigarrales de Toleo: Recreacion literaria; sobre su historia, riqueza y poblacion. Facsimile. Toledo: Zocodover, 1982.
García Gómez, Emilio. Foco de antigua luz sobre la Alhambra: desde un texto de Ibn al-Jaṭīb en 1362. Madrid: Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, 1988.
Gardin, Jean Claude, Daniel Schlumberger, and Janine Sourdel-Thomine. Lashkari Bazar, une résidence royale ghaznévide et ghoride. Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan 18. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1963.
Gascoigne, Alison L., ed., The Island of Tinnis: A Postmortem, FIFAO 84, (Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2020)
Gatier, P. L., and A. M. Vérilhac. “Les colombes de Déméter à Philadelphie-Amman.” Syria 66 (1989): 337–48, 99*–104*, 158–59.
Gautier, Théophile. A Romantic in Spain. New ed. Oxford: Signal Books, 2001.
———. Le voyage d’Andalousie. Sète: Archange minotaure; Plein midi, 2001.
———. Viaje por España. Translated by Enrique de Mesa y Rosales. Madrid: Calpe, 1920.
“Gaznevi Album,” 1676. T. 5461, 25b. Istanbul University Rare Books and Manuscripts Library, Istanbul.
Gerlach, Stephan. Stephan Gerlachs des aeltern Tage-Buch. Franckfurth am Mayn: In Verlegung Johann-David Zunners, 1674.
Getzov, Nimrod. “Shaft Planters for Fruit Trees in Quarries of the Late Roman Period in the Westeren Galilee.” ‘Atiqot 48 (2004).
Ghazanfar, Shahina A. “Plants of Economic Importance.” In Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula, edited by Shahina A. Ghazanfar and Martin Fisher. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Gibb, Elias John Wilkinson. A History of Ottoman Poetry. Edited by Edward Granville Browne. 6 vols. London: Luzac, 1900.
———. Osmanlı şiiri tarihi. Istanbul: Bürhaneddin Matbaası, 1943.
Goblot, Henri. Les Qanats: Une technique d’acquisition de l’eau. Paris: Mouton, 1979.
Göçek, Fatma Müge. East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century. Studies in Middle Eastern History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Golombek, Lisa. “From Tamerlane to the Taj Mahal.” In Essays in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honor of Katharina Otto-Dorn, edited by A. Daneshvari, 43–50. Malibu: Undena, 1981.
———. “Garden II: Islamic Period.” Encyclopaedia Iranica. last updated 2 February 2012, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garden-ii.
———. “The Gardens of Timur: New Perspectives.” Muqarnas 12 (1995): 137–47.
———. The Timurid Shrine at Gazur Gah. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1969.
Golombek, Lisa and Renata Holod. “Preliminary Report on the Isfahan City Project.” In Akten VII. Internationalen Kongresses für iranische Kunst und Archäologie, 578–90. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1979.
Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki. Melâmı̂lik ve Melâmı̂ler. Facscimile. Istanbul: Gri Yayın, 1992.
Gómez-Moreno, Manuel. Arte mudejar toledano. Madrid: Miguel, 1916.
González de Clavijo, Ruy. Embajada a Tamorlán. Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1999.
Gorzalczany, Amir. “Survey and Salvage Excavations on the Menashe Spur, near Ḥorbat Bareqet and Kibbutz Regavim.” ‘Atiqot 55 (2007): 69–61.
Grabar, Oleg. The Alhambra. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.
———. The Formation of Islamic Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.
———. “The Islamic Dome, Some Considerations.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 22 (1963): 191–98.
———. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Grabar, Oleg, et al. City in the Desert: Qasr al-Hayr East. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Graf von Bothmer, Hans-Caspar. “Architekturbilder im Koran—eine Prachthandschrift der Umayyadenzeit aus dem Yemen.“ Pantheon 45 (1987): 4–20.
Grant, Michael. Cities of Vesuvius: Pompeii and Herculaneum. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
Grelot, Guillaume-Joseph, and John Phillips. A Late Voyage to Constantinople: Containing an Exact Description of the Proportis and Hellespont, with the Dardanels, and What Else Is Remarkable in Those Seas, as Also of the City of Constantinople . . .: Likewise an Account of the Ancient and Present State of the Greek Church, with the Religion and Manner of Worship of the Turks, Their Ecclesiastical Government, Their Courts of Justice, and Civil Employments: Illustrated . . . in Fourteen Copper-Plates . . . London: Printed by John Playford, . . ., 1683.
Grelot, Guillaume-Joseph. Relation nouvelle d’un voyage de Constantinople. Paris: Chez la veuve de D. Foucault, 1680.
Grierson, Philip. “The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337-1042).” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 (1962): 3–63.
Groom, Nigel. Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade. London: Longman, 1981.
Gulbadan, Jawhar, and Bayazid Biyat. Three Memoirs of Humayun. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers, 2009.
Gürpınar, Hüseyin Rahmi. “Eski Kağıthane.” Resimli Tarih Mecmuası 56 (August 1954): 3296–3300.
Habib, Irfan. The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707. Bombay and New York: Published for the Dept. of History, Aligarh Muslim University [by] Asia Pub. House, 1963.
Habibi-Shandiz, Massoumeh. “Jardin de Fin, études historiques et transformation à travers les siècles.” DEA, Université Aix-Marseille I, 1998.
Hahn, Walter. Die Verpflegung Konstantinopels durch staatliche Zwangswirtschaft: Nach türkischen Urkunden aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1926.
Haleem, Muhammad Abdel. “Water in the Qur’an.” The Islamic Quarterly 33 (1989): 34–50.
Hamadeh, Shirine. “Ottoman Expressions of Early Modernity and the ‘Inevitable’ Question of Westernization.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 63, no. 1 (March 2004): 32–51.
———. “The City’s Pleasures: Architectural Sensibility in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul.” PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999.
Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Waḥshiyya and his Nabatean Agriculture. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Hamilton, R. W., and Oleg Grabar. Khirbat Al-Mafjar, an Arab Mansion in the Jordan Valley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Hannaway, William L., Jr. “Paradise on Earth: The Terrestial Garden in Persian Literature.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 43–67. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
Harper, Richard P. Upper Zohar: An Early Byzantine Fort in Palaestina Tertia : Final Report of Excavations in 1985–1986. Oxford; New York: Published for the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by Oxford University Press, 1995.
Hasan, Zafar. “Inscriptions of Dhar and Mandu.” Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica (1909–10): 6–27.
Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta. “The Precolonial Balinese State Reconsidered: A Critical Evaluation of Theory Construction on the Relationship between Irrigation, the State, and Ritual.” Current Anthropology 44, no. 2 (2003): 153–81.
Hawāwī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Saʿūd. al-Nabāt wa-l-ḥaywān fī shiʿr al-Mutanabbı̄. Beirut: Bīsān, 2015.
Hegewald, Julia A. B. Water Architecture in South Asia: A Study of Types, Development, and Meanings. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2002.
Hehmeyer, Ingrid, and Schöning, Hannah, eds. Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and Their Value for Today's World. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Heinz, Wilhelm. “Die Kultur der Tulpenzeit des osmanischen Reichs.” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 61 (1967): 62–116.
Hepper, F. N. “An Ancient Expedition to Transplant Living Trees.” Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 92 (1967): 35–38.
———. “Trees and Shrubs Yielding Gums and Resins in the Ancient Near East.” Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 3 (1987): 107–14.
Hepper, F. N., and J. E. Taylor. “Date Palms and Opobalsamum in the Madaba Mosaic Map.” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 136 (2004): 35–44.
Hernández Bermejo, J. Esteban, and E. García Sánchez. “Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknown Heritage of Mankind.” Economic Botany 52 (1998): 15–26.
Hernández Bermejo, J. Esteban, et al. Los jardines de la provincia de Córdoba. 1st ed. Córdoba: Programa de Educación Ambiental y Comunicación: Diputación de Córdoba, Delegación de Medio Ambiente y Protección Civil, 2000.
Herrera, Gabriel. Obra de agricultura. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1970.
Hershkovitz, M. “Miniature Ointment Vases from the Second Temple Period.” Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986): 45–51.
Herzfeld, Ernst. Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Samarra. Berlin: D. Reimer (Ernst Vohsen), 1912.
Hill, Derek. Islamic Architecture in North Africa. London: Faber and Faber, 1976.
Himyari, Muhammad, and Evariste Lévi-Provençal. La péninsule Ibérique au moyen-âge d’après le Kitāb arrawḍ al miʻṭār fī ḫabar al-aḳṭār d’Ibn ʻAbd al Munʻim al-Ḥimyarī; texte arabe des notices relatives à l’Espagne, au Portugal e au sud-ouest de la France. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1993.
Hirschfeld, Yizhar. Desert of the Holy City: The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi and The Israel Exploration Society, 2002.
———. “En-Gedi—A Large Jewish Village.” Qadmoniot 37 (2004): 62–87.
———. “Excavations at ‘Ein Feshkha, 2001: Final Report.” Israel Exploration Journal 54 (2004): 37–74.
———. Qumran in Context: Reassessing the Archaeological Evidence. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.
———, ed. Ramat Hanadiv Excavations: Final Report of the 1984–1998 Seasons. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2000.
———. The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Hirschfeld, Yizhar, and Yotam Tepper. “Columbarium Towers and Other Structures in the Environs of Shivta.” Tel Aviv 33 (2006): 83–116.
Hoag, John D. Islamic Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1977.
Hobhouse, Penelope. Plants in Garden History. London: Pavilion Books, 1992.
Hochberg, Netan’el. “Nurturing of the Grapevine.” Hashda (1956): 137–52.
Hoeltzer, Ernst. Persien vor 113 Jahren. Edited and translated by Muhammad Asimi. Tehran: Kultur- und Kunstministeriums, Zentrum für die Persische Ethnologie, 1975.
Holbrook, Victoria Rowe. The Unreadable Shores of Love: Turkish Modernity and Mystic Romance. 1st ed. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1994.
Hovhannisean, Sargis. Payitaht İstanbul’un tarihçesi. Translated by Elmon Hançer. Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 1996.
Humayun’s Tomb & Adjacent Monuments. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2002.
Humphrey, John William, John Peter Oleson, and Andrew N. Sherwood. Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook. London; New York: Routledge, 1998.
Husain, Ali Akbar. Scent in the Islamic Garden: A Study of Deccani Urdu Literary Sources. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Husain, Muhammad Ashraf. An Historical Guide to the Agra Fort, Based on Contemporary Records. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1937.
Husayn ibn Muhammad Ibrahim. Jughrāfiyā-yi Ịsfahān. Edited by Manuchihr Sutudah, 1963.
Hussain, Mahmood, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat Jr. The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
Ibn Bassal, Muhammad. Kitāb Al-Filāḥah. Edited by Muḥammad Aziman and José María Millás Vallicrosa. Titwan: Maʻhad Mawlāy al-Ḥasan, 1955.
Ibn Sahib al-Salah,ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Muhammad. Al-Mann Bil-Imāma. Edited by Ambrosio Huici Miranda. Valencia, 1969.
ICOMOS – Les jardins de l’Islam. Compte Rendu. Paris, 1973.
Idrisi. Descripción de Espana (obra del siglo XII). Translated by Antonio Blázquez y Delgado Aguilera. Madrid: Imprenta y litografía del depósito de la guerra, 1901.
İnalcık, Halil. Osmanlı İmparatorluǧu klasik çaǧ (1300–1600). Translated by Ruşen Sezer. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi, 2003.
———. The Survey of Istanbul 1455: The Text, English Translation, and Analysis of the Text and Documents. Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2012.
‘Inayat Khan. The Shah Jahan Nama of ʻInayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian: The Nineteenth-Century Manuscript Translation of A. R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777). Edited by W. E. Begley and Ziyaud-Din A. Desai. Translated by A. R. Fuller. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Inchichean, Ghukas. Description du Bosphore. Translated by F. Martin. Paris: J. B. Sajou, 1813.
———. XVIII. asırda İstanbul. Translated by Hrand D. Andreasyan. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Baha Matbaası, 1976.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Kulliyat-e Iqbal. Lahore: Iqbal Akadimi, 1997.
İrepoğlu, Gül. “Lale Devrinin Aynası: Nakkaş ve Şair Levni.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:235–48. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
———. Levni: Painting, Poetry, Colour. Istanbul: Society of Friends of Topkapi Palace Museum, 1999.
———. “Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Hazine Kütüphanesindeki Batılı Kaynaklar Üzerine Düşünceler.” Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Yıllık 1 (1986): 56–72, 174–97.
Iskandar Munshi. Tārīkh-i ʻālam-i ārā-yi ʻAbbāsī. Edited by Farid Muradi. 2 vols. Tehran: Nigah, 2011.
Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press, 1999.
———. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī; or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr. Edited by Henry Beveridge. Translated by Alexander Rogers. 2 vols. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1997.
Jairzbhoy, R. A. “Early Garden Palaces of the Great Mughals.” Oriental Art 4 (1958): 68–75.
Jakobi, Jürgen. “Agriculture Between Literary Tradition and Firsthand Experience: The Irshad al-zira’a of Qasim b. Yusuf Abu Nasri Haravi.” In Timurid Art and Culture, edited by Lisa Golombek and Maria Subtelny, 201–8. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
Jashemski, Wilhelmina Mary Feemster, and Stanley A. Jashemski. The Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius. 2 vols. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Caratzas Bros., 1979.
Jawhar. The Tezkereh Al Vakiāt; or, Private Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Humāyūn. Translated by Charles Stewart. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i Delli, 1972.
Jellicoe, Susa. “The Development of the Mughal Garden.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth Macdougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 107–29. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1976.
Jiménez Martín, Alfonso. “Los jardines de Madinat al-Zahra.” Cuadernos de Madinat al-Zahra’ 1 (1987): 81–92.
Joffee, Jennifer Beth. “Art, Architecture, and Politics in Mewar, 1628–1710.” PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2005.
Joffee, Jennifer, and D. Fairchild Ruggles. “Rajput Gardens and Landscapes.“ In The Middle East Garden: Traditions, Unity and Diversity: Questions, Methods, and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective, edited by Michel Conan, 269–85. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2007.
Josephus, Flavius. Jewish Antiquities. Edited by Allen Paul Wikgren. Translated by H. St. J. Thackeray and Ralph Marcus. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
———. The Jewish War. Translated by H. St. J. Thackeray. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.
“Kachkol Murasa,” ca. 1870. Punjab University Library, Lahore.
Kaempfer, Engelbert. MSS Sloane 2907; 2910; 2912; 2914; 2915; 2917A and B; 2920; 2921; 2923; 2929A; 3060-3064, 5232. British Museum, London.
———. Phoenix persicus. Die Geschichte der Dattelpalme. Translated by Wolfgang Muntschick. Marburg: Basilisken-Presse, 1987.
Kagan, Richard. Ciudades del Siglo de Oro: Las vistas españolas de Anton van den Wyngaerde. Madrid: Ediciones El Viso, 1986.
———. Spanish Cities of the Golden Age: The Views of Anton van Den Wyngaerde. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Kahraman, Seyit Ali. Şükūfenāme: Osmanlı dönemi çiçek kitapları. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2015.
Kak, Ram Chandra. Antiquities of Bhimbar and Rajauri. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 14. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, 1923.
Kanbo, Muhammad Salih. ’Amal-i Ṣāliḥ. Edited by Ghulam Yazdani and Vahid Quraishi. Lahore: Majlis Taraggi-yi Adab, 1967.
Karal, Enver Ziya, ed. Osmanlı tarihi. Vol. 5, Nizam-ı Cedit ve Tanzimat Devirleri 1789–1856. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1947.
Kausar, Sajjad, Michael Brand, and James L. Wescoat. Shalamar Garden Lahore: Landscape, Form & Meaning. Karachi: Dept. of Archaeology and Museums, Ministry of Culture, 1990.
Khan, Khafi, and Maulair Kabir al din Ahmed. The Muntakhab Al-Lubab of Kháfi Khán. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1869.
Khansari, Mehdi, M. Reza Moghtader, and Minouch Yavari. The Persian Garden: Echoes of Paradise. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers, 1998.
Khatunabadi, Sayyid ‘Abd al-Husayn, and Muhammad Baqir Bihbudi. Vaqa’i ‘al-sannin va al-a‘vam. Tehran: Kitabfurushi-y Islamiyih, 1973.
Kiby, Ulrika. “Islamische Gartenkunst.” Der Islam 68 (1991): 329–64.
Klein, Samuel. Sefer ha-Yishuv. Repr. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1977.
Kleiss, Wolfram. “Safavid Palaces.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 269–80.
Koç Keskin, Neslihan. Osmanlı çiçek adları sözlüğü: örnekli ve resimli. Ankara: Kurgan, 2018.
Koch, Ebba. “The Char Bagh Conquers the Citadel: An Outline of the Development of the Mughal Palace Garden.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by M. Hussain et al., 55–60. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
———. The Complete Taj Mahal and the Riverfront Gardens of Agra. New Delhi: Bookwise (India) Pvt. Ltd., Distribution by Variety Book Depot, 2006.
———. “The Intellectual and Artistic Climate at Akbar’s Court.” In The Adventures of Hamza: Painting and Storytelling in Mughal India, edited by John William Seyller, 18–31. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution in association with Azimuth Editions, Ltd., London; Distributed in the United States through D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2002.
———. Mughal Architecture: An Outline of Its History and Development, 1526–1858. New Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
———. Mughal Art and Imperial Ideology: Collected Essays. New Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
———. “Mughal Palace Gardens from Babur to Shah Jahan (1526–1648).” Muqarnas 14 (1997): 143–65.
———. “The Mughal Waterfront Garden.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 140–60. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. “Notes on the Painted and Sculptured Decoration of Nur Jahan’s Pavilions in the Ram Bagh (Bagh-i Nur Afshan) at Agra.” In Facets of Indian Art, edited by Robert Skelton et al., 51–65. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
———. Shah Jahan and Orpheus: The Pietre Dure Decoration and the Programme of the Throne in the Hall of Public Audiences at the Red Fort of Delhi. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1988.
———. “The Zahara Bagh (Bagh-i Jahanara) at Agra.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 30–37.
Kömürciya, Eremia. İstanbul tarihi: XVII. asırda İstanbul. Translated by Hrand D. Andreasyan. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Eren Yayıncılık ve Kitapçılık, 1988.
Kortantamer, Tunca. “Nedim’in Şiirlerinde Istanbul Hayatından Sahneler.” Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi yayınları 4 (1985): 20–59.
Kreutzmann, Hermann. Sharing Water: Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush, Karakoram, Himalaya. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
———. “Water Management in Mountain Oases of the Karakoram.” In Sharing Water: Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya, edited by Hermann Kreutzmann, 90–115. Oxford; London; Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kritovoulos. History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Translated by Charles T. Riggs. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Krusiński, Judas Thaddaeus. The History of the Revolution of Persia. Dublin: Printed by S. Powell, for George Risk, George Ewing, and William Smith, 1729.
Krusiński, Tadeusz Jan, and Jean-Antoine Du Cerceau. Histoire de la dernière révolution de Perse. 2 vols. Paris: Briasson, 1728.
La Brocquière, Bertrandon de. The Voyage d’Outremer. Edited by Galen R. Kline. New York: P. Lang, 1988.
Lahori, Abdul Hamid. Pādshāh Nāma. Edited by Kabir al Din Ahmad and Abd al-Rahim. 3 vols. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society, 1867.
Lal Hindi, Kanhayya. Tarikh-e Lahore. Lahore: Majlis-e Taraqqi-e Adab, 1977.
Lambert, Paul. “Notice sur la ville de Maroc.” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 5th ser., 16 (1868): 430–47.
Lambton, A. K. S. “Filaha: Persia.” EI2. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Accessed 29 January 2020, http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0222.
Lang, John, Madhavi Desai, and Miki Desai. Architecture and Independence: The Search for Identity—India 1880–1980. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
La Rosa, Christina. “La terminologia botanica sicula e andalusa nel Kitāb al-ğāmiʿ li-ṣifāt ashtāt al-nabāt ʿa-ḍurūb anʿāʿ al-mufradāt di Idrı̄sı̄.” Annali di Ca’ Foscari 50 (2014): 97–121.
Latif, Syed Muhammad. Lahore: Its History, Archaeological Remains and Antiquities. Lahore: New Imperial Press, 1892.
Lazos, Chrestos D. Engineering and Technology in Ancient Greece. Athens: Aeolos, 1998.
Lehrman, Jonas Benzion. Earthly Paradise: Garden and Courtyard in Islam. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.
Lentz, David. “Botanical Symbolism and Function at the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, edited by Elizabeth Moynihan, 43–47. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2000.
Lev, Efraim, and Zohar Amar. Ethnic Medicinal Substances of the Land of Israel. Tel Aviv: Eretz Productions, 2002.
Levend, Agâh Sırrı. Türk edebiyatında şehr-engizler ve şehrengizlerde İstanbul. Istanbul: İstanbul Fethi Derneği, İstanbul Enstitüsü yayınları, 1958.
Levey, Martin. Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia. Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Pub. Co., 1959.
Levine, L. I. “The Inscription of the ‘En-Gedi Synagogue.” In Ancient Synagogues Revealed, edited by L. I. Levine, 140–45. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981.
Lévi-Provençal, Evariste. L’Espagne musulmane au Xème siècle: Institutions et vie sociale; Avec vingt-quatre planches et une carte hors texte. Paris: Larose, 1932.
Lewin, Bernard. “The Third Part of the Kitāb al-nabāt of Abū Ḥanīfa ad-Dīnawarı̄.” Orientalia Suecana 9 (1960): 131–35.
Littlewood, A. R. “Ancient Literary Evidence for the Pleasure Gardens of Roman Country Villas.” In Ancient Roman Villa Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall, 7–30. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1987.
Livingston, Morna. Steps to Water: The Ancient Stepwells of India. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.
Lockhart, Laurence. The Fall of the Ṣafavī Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia. Cambridge: University Press, 1958.
Lohlker, Rüdiger, and Andrea Nowak. “Das islamische Paradies als Zeichen: Zwischen Märtyrerkult und Garten.” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 99 (2009): 199–225.
Loos, Cornelius. THC 9116 Kat. Nr. 3c. Stockholm: Museum of Fine Arts, 1710.
López Guzmán, Rafael J. Arquitectura mudéjar: del sincretismo medieval a las alternativas hispanoamericanas. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 2000.
———, ed. La arquitectura del Islam occidental. Granada: Legado Andalusí, 1995.
Löw, Immanuel. Aramäische Pflanzennamen. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1881.
Lowry, Glenn. “Humayun’s Tomb: Form, Function, and Meaning in Early Mughal Architecture.” Muqarnas 4 (1987): 133–48.
Lubenau, Reinhold. Beschreibung der Reisen des Reinhold Lubenau. Edited by W. Sahm. Königsberg i. Pr.: F. Beyer (Thomas & Oppermann), 1912.
Luqman, Sayyid. Hünernâme: Minyatürleri ve sanatçıları. Istanbul: Doğan Kardeş Matbaacılık ve Sanayii A.Ş. Basımevi, 1969.
MacDougall, Elisabeth and Richard Ettinghausen, eds. The Islamic Garden. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks 1979.
Magen, Y., and R. Talgam. “The Monastery of Martyrius at Ma‘ale Adummim (Khirbet El-Murassas) and Its Mosaics.” In Christian Archaeology in the Holy Land, New Discoveries: Essays in Honour of Virgilio C. Corbo, OFM, edited by Giovanni Claudio Bottini, Leah Di Segni, and Eugenio Alliata, 91–151. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1990.
Maguire, Henry. “Paradise Withdrawn.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 23–36. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Mahmood, Hadia. “Some Selected Urban Avian Biodiversity of Lahore with Special Emphasis on the Species of Concern.” MSc thesis, Kinnard College for Women, 2000.
Malavoi, Jean-René & Jean-Paul Bravard. Éléments d’hydromorphologie fluviale. Paris: Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques, 2010.
Mandaville, J. P. “Frankincense in Dhofar.” Journal of Oman Studies 2 (1980): 87–89.
Mango, Cyril, and Stephan Yerasimos. Melchior Lorichs’ Panorama of Istanbul – 1559. Facsimile ed. Bern: Ertug & Kocabiyik, 1999.
Manniche, Lise. An Ancient Egyptian Herbal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
Manzano Martos, Rafael. “Casas y palacios de la Sevilla Almohade. Sus antecedentes hispánicos.” In Casas y palacios de Al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 315–52. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. La Qubba, Aula Regia en la España musulmana. Madrid: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 1994.
———. “Los palacios.” In Sevilla almohade, 63–75. Seville; Rabat: Fundación de las Tres Cultural del Mediterráneo, Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad Hassán II de Mohammedía, Facultad de Letras, 1999.
Manzano Martos, Rafael, and Massimo Listri. La Alhambra: El universo mágico de la Granada islámica. Madrid: Anaya, 1992.
Maravall, José Antonio. Culture of the Baroque: Analysis of a Historical Structure. Translated by Terry Cochran. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.
Marçais, Georges. L’architecture musulmane d’occident: Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc, Espagne et Sicile. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques, 1955.
———. “Les jardins de l’Islam.” In Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’Occident musulman, edited by Georges Marcais, 1:233–44. Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1954.
———, ed. Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’Occident musulman. 2 vols. Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1954.
———. “Salle, Antisalle. Recherches sur l’évolution d’un thème de l’architecture domestique en pays d’Islam.” Annales de l’Istitut d’Études Orientales 10 (1952): 274–301.
———. “Salsabil et Shadirwan.” In Etudes d’Orientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de Levi-Provençal, 2:639–46. Paris: CNRS, 1962.
Mardin, Şerif. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought; a Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962.
Martín Consuegra, E., et al. “Palynology of the Historical Period at the Madinat al-Zahra Archaeological Site, Spain.” Journal of Archaeological Science 23 (1996): 249–61.
Martínez Correcher y Gil, Conseulo. “Descripción de los jardines.” In El Carmen de los Mártires, 21–32. Granada: Ayuntamiento de Granada, 1986.
Mashmud, Muhammad Khalid. “The Mausoleum of the Emperor Jahangir.” Arts of Asia 13 (1983): 57–66.
Matrakçı, Nasuh. Beyān-ı menāzil-i sefer-i ʻIrākeyn-i Sulṭān Süleymān Hān. Edited by Hüseyin G. Yurdaydın. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1976.
Mayerson, Philip. “The Gaza ‘Wine’ Jar (Gazition) and the ‘Lost’ Ashkelon Jar (Askalônion).” Israel Exploration Journal 42, no. 1/2 (1992): 76–80.
Mazar, B. “En-Gedi.” In The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, edited by Ephraim Stern, 2:399–405. Jerusalem; New York: Israel Exploration Society & Carta; Simon & Schuster, 1993.
Mazar, Benjamin, Trude Krakauer Dothan, and Emanuel Dunayevski. En-Gedi: The First and Second Seasons of Excavations, 1961–1962. Jerusalem: Dept. of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture: Dept. of Archaeology, Hebrew Univ. ; Israel Exploration Soc., 1966.
Mazioğlu, Hasibe. Nedimʼin divan şiirine getirdiği yenilik. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1957.
McChesney, Robert D. “Some Observations on ‘Garden’ and its Meaning in the Property Transactions of the Juybari Family in Bukhara, 1544-77.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 97–109. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
Medina, Pedro. Libro de grandezas y cosas memorables de España; Libro de la verdad. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1944.
Meisami, Julie Scott. “Palaces and Paradises: Palace Description in Medieval Persian Poetry.” Islamic Art and Literature, edited by Oleg Grabar and Cynthia Robinson, 21–54. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2001.
Menjili-de Corny, Irène. Jardins du Maroc. Paris: Temps apprivoisé, 1991.
Metcalf, Thomas. An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain’s Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Meunié, Jacques. Recherches archéologiques à Marrakech. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques, 1952.
Meunie, Jean. “Le grand Riad et les bâtiments saâdiens du Badi’ à Marrakech selon le plan publié par Windus.” Hespéris 44 (1957): 129–34.
Meyer, Ernst F. H. Geschichte der Botanik. Vol. 3. Rev. ed. Amsterdam: A. Asher & Co., 1965.
Michell, George. The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
Michell, George, and Antonio Martinelli. The Royal Palaces of India. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
Millás Vallicrosa, José. “La traducción castellana del ‘Tratado de agricultura’ de Ibn Wafd.” Al-Andalus 8 (1943): 281–332.
Miller, Naomi Frances, and Kathryn L. Gleason. “Fertilizer in the Identification and Analysis of Cultivated Soil.” In The Archaeology of Garden and Field, edited by Naomi Frances Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason, 25–43. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
———, eds. The Archaeology of Garden and Field. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Miller, N. F. “The Use of Dung as Fuel: An Ethnographic Example and an Archaeological Application.” Paléorient 10, no. 2 (1984): 71–79.
Mir, Muhammad Naeem et al. Mughal Gardens in Lahore: History and Documentation. Lahore: Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, 1996.
Moaz, Abd al-Razzaq. “Domestic Architecture, Notables and Power: A Neighborhood in Late Ottoman Damascus: An Introduction.” In Turkish Art (Tenth International Congress of Turkish Art, Geneva, 17-23 September 1995), edited by François Déroche, 489–95. Geneva: Fondation Max van Berchem, 1999.
Modi, S. M. “Water Intelligent City: Champaner-Pavagadh.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design : Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26–29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 1:103–10. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
Mohana Lala, Munshi. Travels in the Punjab, Afghanistan, and Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a Visit to Great Britain and Germany. Patiala: Language Dept., Punjab, 1971.
Moltke, Helmuth. Türkiyeʾdeki durum ve olaylar üzerine mektuplar, 1835-1839. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür yayınları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1960.
Montes Romero-Camacho, Isabel. El paisaje rural Sevillano en la baja Edad Media: Aproximación a su estudio a través de las propiedades territoriales del Cabildo-Catedral de Sevilla. Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Sevilla. Sevilla: Diputación Provincial, 1989.
Moynihan, Elizabeth B. “But What a Happiness to Have Known Babur!” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Représentations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat, Jr., and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 95–126. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1996.
———. “The Lotus Garden Palace of Zahir Al-Din Muhammad Babur.” Muqarnas 5 (1988): 135–52.
———, ed. The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 2000.
———. Paradise as a Garden in Persia and Mughal India. New York: George Braziller, 1979.
Moynihan, Elizabeth B., and James L. Wescoat Jr., eds. “Waterworks and Landscape Design in the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, 59–78. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 2000.
Mukherji, Anisha S. The Red Fort of Shahjahanabad. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Müller-Wiener, Martina, and Antonio Almagro, eds. “Análisis tipológico de la arquitectura residencial de Madinat al-Zahra.” In Al-Andalus und Europa zwischen Orient und Okzident, 117–25. Petersberg: M. Imhof, 2004.
Munajjim, Jalal al-Din. Tārīkh-i ʻAbbāsī, yā, Rūznāmah-ʼi Mullā Jalāl: Shāmil-i vaqāyiʻ-i darbār-i Shāh ʻAbbās Ṣafavī. Edited by Sayf Allah Vahidniya. Tehran: Vaḥīd, 1987.
Mundy, Peter, and Richard Carnac Temple. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667. Cambridge: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1907.
Münzer, Hieronymus. Viaje por España y Portugal, 1494–1495. Translated by Ramón Alba. Madrid: Polifemo, 2002.
Muqābalah, Zāyid Khālid. Alfāẓ al-nabāt fī al-shiʿr al-ğāhilī. ʿAmmān: Amānat ʿAmmān, 2009.
Murphy, Alexander B., Douglas L. Johnson, Viola Haarmann, and James L. Wescoat Jr., eds. “Wittfogel East and West: Changing Perspectives On Water Development in South Asia and the US, 1670–2000.” In Cultural Encounters with the Environment: Enduring and Evolving Geographic Themes, 109–32. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
Murphy, Veronica. The Origins of the Mughal Flowering Plant Motif. London: Indar Pasricha Fine Arts, 1987.
Naîmâ, Mustafa. Naîmâ tarihi. Istanbul: Darü’t-tıbaat ü’l-âmire, 1734.
———. Naîmâ târihi. Translated by Zuhuri Danışman. 6 vols. Istanbul: Z. Danışman Yayınevi, 1967.
Nanda, Ratish, and Jolyon Leslie. “Rehabilitating the Garden of Babur and Its Surroundings in Kabul.” In Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme: Urban Conservation and Area Development in Afghanistan, edited by Joylon Leslie and Stefano Bianca, 21–41. Geneva: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2007.
Nasir, E., and S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of West Pakistan. Karachi: Printed at Nazeer Print. Works, 1970.
Nasir, E., S. I. Ali, and R. R. Stewart, eds. Flora of Pakistan. Islamabad: Pan Graphics, Ltd., 1982.
Nasuh, Matrakçı. Beyān-ı menāzil-i sefer-i ʻIrākeyn-i Sulṭān Süleymān Hān. Edited by Hüseyin G. Yurdaydın. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1976.
Natanzi, Mahmud Ibn-Hidayatallah Afusta·i. Nuqāwat al-āt̲ār fī d̲ikr al-aḫyār. Edited by Ihsan Israqi. Tehran: Širkat-i Intišārāt-i ʻIlmī wa Farhangī, wābasta bih Wizārat-i Farhang wa Āmūziš-i ʻĀlī, 1994.
Nath, R. Mughal Sculpture: Study of Stone Sculptures of Birds, Beasts, Mythical Animals, Human Beings, and Deities in Mughal Architecture. New Delhi: A. P. H. Pub. Corp., 1997.
Navagero, Andrea. Viaje por España, 1524–1526. Madrid: Turner, 1983.
Navarro Palazón, Julio. “Au sujet des palais d’Al-Andalus (XIIe–XIVe siécles).” In Vivre au palais à Montpelier et en Languedoc au Moyen Age, XIIe–XVe siècles, edited by Xavier Barral i Altet, 136–44. Montpellier: Société archéologique de Montpellier / Musée languedocien, 2004.
———. “La Dar as-Sugrà de Murcia: Un palacio andalusí del siglo XII.” In Colloque international d’archéologie islamique: IFAO, Le Caire, 3–7 février 1993, edited by Roland-Piere Gayraud, 97–139. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1998.
———. Casas y palacios de al-Andalus. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “El Castillejo de Monteagudo: Qasr ibn-Sa’d.” In Casas y palacios de al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 63–103. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “Un palacio protonazarí en la Murcia del siglo XIII: Al-Qasr al-Sagir.” In Casas y palacios de al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 177–205. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
Naveh, Joseph. On Sherd and Papyrus: Aramaic and Hebrew Inscriptions from the Second Temple, Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods. Jerusalem: Magness Press, 1992.
Navidi, ‛Abdi Bayk Shirāzi. “Kulliyāt-i Navīdī,” 1561. MS 2425. Tehran University Central Library, Tehran.
Necipoğlu, Gülru. Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. New York; Cambridge, Mass.: Architectural History Foundation; MIT Press, 1991.
———. “Framing the Gaze in Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Palaces.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 303–42.
———. “The Suburban Landscape of Sixteenth-Century in Istanbul as a Mirror of Classical Ottoman Garden Culture.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 32–71. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
Nedim, Ahmet. Nedim divanı. Edited by Abdülbâki Gölpınarlı. 2nd ed. Istanbul: İnkılâp ve Aka Kitabevleri, 1972.
Nedim, Ahmet, and Hasibe Mazıoğlu. Nedim. Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 1988.
Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Netzer, Ehud, Rachel Bar-Nathan, and Rachel Laureys-Chachy. Hasmonean and Herodian Palaces at Jericho: Final Reports of the 1973–1987 Excavations. Vol. 2, Stratigraphy and Architecture. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society; Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2004.
Neusner, Jacob, and Richard Sarason, eds. The Tosefta. New York: Ktav, 1977.
Nieto Caldeiro, Sonsoles. El jardín sevillano de 1900 a 1929. Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1992.
Northedge, Alastair. “Creswell, Herzfeld, and Samarra.” Muqarnas 8 (1991): 74–93.
———. “Palaces of the Abbasids at Samarra.” In A Medieval Islamic City Reconsidered: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Samarra, edited by Chase F. Robinson, 29–67. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 2001.
Nuere Matauco, Enrique. “Sobre el pavimento del Patio de los Leones.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 22 (1986): 87–94.
Numayrı̄, Ḥasan Maḥmūd Mūsā. ʿĀlam al-nabāt fī al-adab al-ʿarabı̄. Damascus: Wizārat al-Thaḳafah, 2006.
Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. Osmanlı toplumunda zındıklar ve mülhidler (15.–17. yüzyıllar). Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı Yayınıdır, 1998.
Ocaña Jiménez, Manuel. “Las ruinas de ‘Alamiría,’ un yacimiento arqueológico rrróneamente denominado.” Al-Qantara 5 (1984): 365–81.
O’Kane, Bernard. “From Tents to Pavilions: Royal Mobility and Persian Palace Design.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 249–68.
---. “The Arboreal Aesthetic: Landscape, Painting and Architecture from Mongol Iran to Mamluk Egypt.” In Iconography of Islamic Art: Studies in Honor of Robert Hillenbrand, edited by Bernard O’Kane, 223–51. Cairo: American University Press, 2005.
Omrani, Bijan, Matthew Leeming, and Catherine McMullen, eds. “The Geology of Afghanistan.” In Afghanistan: A Companion and Guide, 229. Hong Kong; New York: Odyssey Books & Guides; distribution in the USA by W. W. Norton, 2005.
Ord. Prof. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı’ya armağan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1976.
Orihuela Uzal, Antonio. Aljibes públicos de la Granada islámica. Granada: Ayuntamiento de Granada, 1991.
———. Casas y palacios nazaríes: Siglos XIII–XV. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1996.
Osborne, Robin. “Classical Greek Gardens: Between Farm and Paradise.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 373–91. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Grabung Im Ummayadischen Rusafah.” Ars Orientalis 2 (1957): 119–33.
Özdemir, İlyas, and S. Atilla Sağlamçubukcu. Lālezār: Şuküfe Nāme-i Ali Çelebi; Takvīmü’l-Kibār min Mi’yāri’l-ezhār. Istanbul: Marmara Belediyeler Birliği, 2012.
Pala, İskender. Ansiklopedik dîvân şiiri sözlüğü. Ankara: Akçağ Basım Yayın Pazarlama, c1990.
Panorama of Istanbul. Cod. 8626. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna.
Pardoe, Julia. The Beauties of the Bosphorus. London: Published for the proprietors, by George Virtue, 1839.
Parihar, Subhash. Mughal Monuments in the Punjab and Haryana. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1985.
Parker, Richard. A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco. Charlottesville: Baraka Press, 1981.
Parpagliolo, M. T. S. Kabul: The Bagh-i Babur. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio e L’Estremo Oriente, 1972.
Patrich, Joseph. “Agricultural Development in Antiquity: Improvements in Cultivation and Production of Balsam.” In Qumran, the Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Archaeological Interpretations and Debates : Proceedings of a Conference Held at Brown University, November 17–19, 2002, edited by Katharina Galor, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, and Jürgen Zangenberg, 241–48. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006.
Patrich, Joseph, and Benny Arubas. “A Juglet Containing Balsam Oil (?) From a Cave Near Qumran.” Israel Exploration Journal 39, no. 1/2 (1989): 43–59.
Pavord, Anna. The Tulip. New York: Bloomsbury, 1999.
Peabody, Norbert. Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Peçevî, İbrahim. Peçevı̂ tarihi. Translated by Murat Uraz. Istanbul: Neşriyat Yrudu, 1968.
Pérès, Henri. La poésie andalouse en arabe classique au XIe siècle: Ses aspects généraux, ses principaux thèmes et sa valeur documentaire. 2nd rev. and corr. ed. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1953.
Petruccioli, Attilio. “I giardini moghul del Kashmir.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 249–66. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. , ed. Il giardino Islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio. Milan: Electa, 1994.
Piccirillo, Michele. The Mosaics of Jordan. Edited by Patricia Maynor Bikai and Thomas A. Dailey. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research, 1993.
Pieper, Jan. “Arboreal Art and Architecture in India.” Art and Archaeology Research Papers 12 (1977): 47–54.
———. “Water in Hindu Urban Architecture.” Art and Architectural Research Papers 15 (1979): 39–44.
Pierson, Louise Redington. The Garden Way from East to West. Peterborough, N.H.: Transcript, 1934.
Piñar Samos, J., and J. Tito Rojo. 21 patios de la acequia: [exposition catalogue]. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2005.
Pinder-Wilson, Ralph. “The Persian Garden: Bagh and Chahar Bagh.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 71–85. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
Pisa, Francisco. Descripción de la imperial civdad de Toledo, y historia de sus antigüedades, y grandeza, y cosas memorables que en ella han acontecido . . . Primera parte, repartida en cinco libros, con la historia de Santa Leocadia. Toledo: Diputación Provincial, 1974.
Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Translated by H. Rackham. 10 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Plutarch. Lives. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. 11 vols. London; Cambridge, Mass.: W. Heinemann; Harvard University Press, 1917.
Pope, Arthur Upham. Persian Architecture: The Triumph of Form and Color. New York: G. Braziller, 1965.
Pope, Arthur Upham, and Phyllis Ackerman. A Survey of Persian Art: From Prehistoric Times to the Preset. Vol. 3, The Art of the Book, Textiles, Carpets, Metalwork, Minor Arts. London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Porter, Yves. “Les jardins d’Ashraf vus par Henry Viollet.” In Sites et monuments disparus d’après les témoignages de voyageurs, edited by Rika Gyselen, 117–38. Bures-sur-Yvette; Leuven: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient ; Diffusion, Peeters Press, 1996.
Porter, Yves, and Arthur Thévenart. Palaces and Gardens of Persia. Translated by David Radinowicz. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.
Pozo Martínez, Indalecio. “Arqueología y arquitectura islámicas en el Monasterio de Santa Clara La Real (Murcia).” In Paraísos perdidos: patios y claustros: Sala de exposiciones del Centro Cultural “Las Claras,” Murcia, octubre–noviembre de 1999, edited by Indalecio Pozo Martínez, Cristóbal Belda Navarro, and Pablo Puente Aparicio, 53–104. Murcia: Caja Murcia, Obra Cultural, 1999.
Prieto-Moreno, Francisco. Los jardines de Granada. Madrid: Cigüeña, 1952.
Pringle, Heather. “The Waters of Petra.” Archaeology 62, no. 4 (2009): 34–37.
Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel. La poética del agua en el Islam = The Poetics of Water in Islam. Sabarís, Baiona: Trea, 2011.
Qaisar, Ahsan Jan, and Som Prakash Verma, eds. Art and Culture: Felicitation Volume in Honour of Professor S. Nurul Hasan. Jaipur: Publication Scheme, 1993.
Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan. Studies in Rajput History. Raghunath Prasad Nopany Lectures. Delhi: S. Chand, 1960.
Quataert, Donald. The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Qumi, Ahmad Ibrahimi Husayni. Khulāṣat al-tavārīkh. Edited by Ihsan Ishraqi. 2 vols. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1980.
Rabbani, Ahmad. Maqālāt-i Mawlavī Muḥammad Shafī. Lahore: Majlis-i Taraqqī-ʼi Adab, 1972.
Rajput, S. A. “The Hydraulic System of Wah Garden at Hasan Abdal.” Journal of Central Asia 18, no. 1 (1995): 45–72.
Ramón-Laca Menéndez de Luarca, Luis. “Pedro Machuca y el Marqués de Mondéjar.” Reales Sitios 162 (2004): 42–53.
Rapoport, Yossef. Rural Economy and Tribal Society in Islamic Egypt: A Study of al-Nābulusī’s Villages of the Fayyum, The Medieval Countryside Series 19. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018.
Raşit Efendi. Tarih-I Raşid. 3 vols. Istanbul: İbrahim Müteferrika, 1741.
Rauschenbach, Sina. “Wissenschaft zwischen politischer Repräsentation und gesellschaftlichen Nutzen: Über den Traum vom gelehrten Herrscher in der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Macht des Wissens: die Entstehung der modernen Wissensgesellschaft, edited by Richard van Dülmen, Sina Rauschenbach, and Meinrad von Engelberg, 295–318. Köln: Böhlau, 2004.
Ravikovitsh, Shlomo. The Soils of Israel: Formation, Nature and Properties. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1981.
Raymond, André. “Les porteurs d’eau du Caire.” Bulletin de l’institut français d’archéologie orientale 57 (1958): 183–202.
Razi, ʻIsa ibn Ahmad. Anales palatinos del Califa de Córdoba al-Hakam II. Translated by Emilio García Gómez. Madrid: Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1967.
Redford, Scott. Landscape and the State in Medieval Anatolia: Seljuk Gardens and Pavilions of Alanya. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2000.
———. “Seljuk Pavilions and Enclosures in and Around Alanya.” Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 14 (1997): 453–67.
Refik, Ahmed. Lâle devri: 1130–1143. İstanbul: Hilmi Kitaphanesi, 1932.
———. Lale Devri. Edited by Osman Okçu. Translated by Dursun Gürlek. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 1997.
Rehman, Abdul. “Hydraulics of a Mughal Garden: Recent Discoveries at Shalamar Garden Lahore.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design: Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26–29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 2:367–72. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
———. Earthly Paradise: The Garden in the Times of the Great Muslim Empires. Lahore: Habibur Rehman Research Foundation, 2001.
———. “Garden Types in Mughal Lahore according to Early Seventeenth Century Written and Visual Sources.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 161–72. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. Historic Towns of Punjab: Ancient and Medieval Period. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1997.
———. “The Mughal Concept of Garden: An Enquiry into Shah Jahani Sources.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat, 115–22. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
Reich, Ronny, and Eli Shukron. “The Jerusalem City-Dump in the Late Second Temple Period.” Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins 119, no. 1 (2003): 12–18.
Reifenburg, Adolf. The Struggles Between the Desert and the Sown: Rise and Fall of Agriculture in the Levant. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency, 1955.
Reihnart, Kevin A. “The Here and Hereafter in Islamic Religious Thought.” In Images of Paradise in Islamic Art, edited by Sheila Blair and Jonathan Bloom. Hanover, N.H.: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1991.
Reuther, Oscar, Conrad Preusser, and Friedrich Wetzel. Indische Paläste und Wohnhäuser. Berlin: L. Preiss, 1925.
Revault, Jacques. Palais, demeures et maison de plaisance à Tunis et ses environs: du XVIe et XIX siècles. Aix-en-Provence: Édisud, 1984.
———. Palais et résidences d’été de la région de Tunis (XVIe-XIXe siècles). Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1974.
Rich, Vivien. “Mughal Floral Painting and Its European Sources.” Oriental Art 33 (1987): 183–89.
Ricotti, E. S. P. “The Importance of Water in Roman Garden Triclinia.” In Ancient Roman Villa Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall, 135–84. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1987.
Ridgway, B. S. “Greek Antecedents of Garden Sculpture.” In Ancient Roman Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, 7–28. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University, 1981.
Riehle, Klaus. “Leben und Literarische werke Mesihis = Mesihi’nin hayatı ve edebî eserleri.” Doctoral thesis, BAL-TAM, 2001.
Rifat, Osman. Edirne Sarayı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1957.
Riyahi, Muhammad Amin. Tārīkh-i Khuy: Sarguz̲asht-i sih hizār salah-ʼi manṭaqah-ʼi pur ḥadis̲ah-ʼi shumāl-i gharb-i Īrān va ravābiṭ-i siyāsī va tārīkhī-i Īrān bā aqvām-i hamsāyah. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Tūs, 1993.
Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas, and Vincent John Adams Flynn. Fatḥpur-Sīkrī. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Sons, 1975.
Robinson, Chase F., ed. A Medieval Islamic City Reconsidered: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Samarra. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 2001.
Rogers, J. M. “Samarra: A Study in Medieval Town Planning.” In The Islamic City, edited by Albert Hourani and S. M. Stern, 119–55. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.
Rogers, Robert. “Κηποποιΐα: Garden Making and Garden Culture in the Geoponika.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 159–75. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Romano, Francesco. “Viaggio di un mercante che fu in Persia.” In Navigazioni e viaggi, edited by Giovanni Baptista Ramusio and Marica Milanesi, 3:421–81. Torino: Einaudi, 1980.
Romero y Murube, Joaquín. Los cielos que perdimos. Seville: Hermandad Sacramental de la Soledad, Parroquia de San Lorenzo, 1995.
Romero y Murube, Joaquín, and José Narro. Sevilla en los labios. Barcelona: L. Miracle, 1943.
Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam. The Early Islamic Monuments of al-Haram al-Sharif: An Iconographic Study. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1989.
Rotzer, Klaus, and Khandu Deokar. “Mughal Gardens in Benaras and Its Neighbourhood in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” In Confluence of Cultures: French Contributions to Indo-Persian Studies, edited by Françoise Delvoye Nalini, 137–38. New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.
Rubiera Mata, María Jesús. La arquitectura en la literatura arabe. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1981.
Rubiés, Joan-Pau. “Oriental Despotism and European Orientalism: Botero to Montesquieu.” Journal of Early Modern History: Contacts, Comparisons, Contrasts 9, no. 1–2 (2005): 109–80.
Rubió y Tudurí, Nicolás María. El jardin meridional. Barcelona: Salvat, 1934.
Ruggles, D. Fairchild. “The Alcazar of Seville and Mudejar Architecture.” Gesta 43 (2005): 87–98.
———. “Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in al-Andalus.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 171–78.
———. “The Eye of Sovereignty: Poetry and Vision in the Alhambra’s Lindaraja Mirador.” Gesta 36 (1997): 182–91.
———. “The Framed Landscape in Islamic Spain and Mughal India.” The Garden: Myth, Meaning, and Metaphor, edited by Brian J. Day, 21–50. Windsor, Ont.: University of Windsor, 2003.
———. “Gardens.” In Art of India, edited by Frederick Asher, 258–70. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003.
———. Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.
———. “The Gardens of the Alhambra and the Concept of the Garden in Islamic Spain.” In Al-Andalus: The Arts of Islamic Spain, edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds, 162–71. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.
———. “Il Giardini con pianta a croce nel Mediterraneo islamico.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paeasaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 143–54. Milan: Electa, 1993.
———. “Humayun’s Tomb and Garden: Typologies and Visual Order.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 173–86. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. Islamic Gardens and Landscapes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
———. “Making Vision Manifest: Frame, Screen, and View in Islamic Culture.” Sites Unseen: Landscape and Vision, edited by Dianne Harris and D. Fairchild Ruggles, 131–56. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 2007.
———. “Vision and Power at the Qala bani Hammad in Islamic North Africa.” Journal of Garden History 14 (1994): 28–41.
———. “What’s Religion Got to Do With It? A Skeptical Look at the Symbolism of Islamic and Rajput Gardens.” DAK: The Newsletter of the American Institute of Indian Studies 4 (2000): 4–14.
Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos, ed. “Santa Clara de Tordesillas. 3. Restos de dos palacios medievales contrapuestos (siglos XIII–XIV).” In Actas: V Congreso de Arqueología Medieval Española, Valladolid, 22 a 27 de marzo de 1999, 2:851–60. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, 2001.
Rumlu, Hasan. Aḥsan al-tavārīkh. Edited by ʻAbd al-Husayn Navaʼi. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bābak, 1978.
Rustem Paşa or Loqman ibn Hosayn al-ʾAshuri (Seyyid Lokman). Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Library, 2004.
Rzóska, Julian, ed. The Nile: Biology of an Ancient River. The Hague: Springer, 1976.
Saavedra, Eduardo. La geografía de España del Edrisí. Madrid: Imp.de Fortanet, 1881.
Sack, Dorothee. Damaskus: Entwicklung und Struktur einer orientalisch-islamischen Stadt. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1989.
Safrai, Zeev. The Economy of Roman Palestine. London; New York: Routledge, 1994.
———. “The Influence of Demographic Stratification on the Agricultural and Economic Structure during the Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 20–48. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Safran, Janina. “From Alien Terrain to the Abode of Islam: Landscapes in the Conquest of al-Andalus.” In Inventing Medieval Landscapes, edited by John Howe and Michael Wolfe, 136–49. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2002.
Sahni, K. C. The Book of Indian Trees. Mumbai; Oxford; New York: Bombay Natural History Society ; Oxford University Press, 1998.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu mülkün sultanları: 36 Osmanlı padişahi. Istanbul: Oğlak, 1999.
———. “Lale Devri’ne Genel Bir Bakış.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:17–24. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
Samarraie, Husam Qawam, el-. Agriculture in Iraq During the Third Century, A.H. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1972.
Samsó, Julio. “Un calendrier tunisien d’origine andalouse?” Cahier de Tunisie 24 (1978): 65–82.
———. “La tradición clásica en los calendarios agrícolas hispanoárabes y norteafricanos.” In Actas del II Congreso para el Estudio de la Cultura en el Mediterraneo Occidental (1975), 177–86. Barcelona, 1978.
Sanderson, Gordon. A Guide to the Buildings and Gardens, Delhi Fort. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1937.
Sandys, George. Travels Containing an History of the Original and Present State of the Turkish Empire . . . London: Williams, 1673.
Sankary, Mohamed Nazir. The Cilician Dioscoridesʼ Plant Materia medica as Appeared in Ibn al-Baitar, the Arab Herbalist of the 13th Century. Aleppo: Aleppo University Publications, 1991.
Sarig, N. “The Rose Valley in Turkey.” Masa Acher 109 (2000): 34–51.
Saunders, Ernest W. “Operation Microfilm at Mt. Athos.” The Biblical Archaeologist 18, no. 2 (May 1955): 22–41.
Savory, Roger. Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Saz, Leylâ. Anılar: 19. yüzyıl saray haremi. Istanbul: Cumhuriyet, 2000.
———. Le harem impérial et les sultanes au XIXe siècle. Translated by Youssouf Razi. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1925.
———. The Imperial Harem of the Sultans: Daily Life at the Çırağan Palace during the 19th Century; Memoirs of Leyla (Saz) Hanımefendi. Translated by Landon Thomas. Istanbul: Peva Publications, 1994.
Saz, Leylâ, and Sadi Borak. Harem’in Içyüzü. Istanbul: Milliyet Yayınları, 1974.
Scanlonn, George T. “Housing and Sanitation: Some Aspects of Medieval Egyptian Life.” In The Islamic City, edited by Albert H. Hourani and S. M. Stern, 185–94. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.
Scerrato, Umberto. Monuments of Civilization: Islam. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1976.
Scheid, John. “La mort du tyran: Chronique de quelques morts programmées.” In Du châtiment dans la cité: supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique : table ronde (Rome 9–11 novembre 1982), 177–90. Rome: L’École, 1984.
Schimmel, Annemarie. A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
———. “Floral and Garden Imagery in the Poetry of Allama Iqbal.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
———. “The Celestial Garden in Islam.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 11–39. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
———. “The Water of Life.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 6–9.
Schimmel, Annemarie, Corinne Attwood, and Burzine K. Waghmar. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art, and Culture. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Schioler, Thorkild. Roman and Islamic Water-Lifting Wheels. Denmark: Odense University Press, 1971.
Schmitz, Barbara, and Ziyaud-Din A Desai. Mughal and Persian Paintings and Illustrated Manuscripts in the Raza Library, Rampur. New Delhi; Rampur; New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts; Rampur Raza Library; Aryan Books International, 2006.
Schweigger, Salomon. Ein newe Reyssbeschreibung auss Teutschland nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964.
Schweinfurth, Georg. Arabische Pflanzennamen aus Aegypten, Algerien und Jemen. Berlin: Reimer, 1912.
Schweitzer, C. “Muslim Waterworks.” Islamic Culture 13 (1939): 79–82.
Seco de Lucena, Luis. “Los palacios del taifa almeriense al-Mu’tasim.” Cuadernos de La Alhambra 3 (1967): 15–20.
Segura, Cristina, ed. El libro del repartimiento de Almería. Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1982.
Şentürk, A. Atillâ. Osmanlı şiiri antolojisi. İstanbul: YKY, 1999.
Serjeant, R. B., and Husayn ‘Abdullah al-‘Amri. “A Yemeni Agricultural Poem.” In Studia Arabica et Islamica – Festschrift for Ihnan ‘Abbas, edited by Wadad al-Qadi, 407–27. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1981.
Sestini, G. “Implications of Climate Change for the Nile Delta.” In: Climatic Change and the Mediterranean, edited by L. Jeftlic, J.D. Milliman & G. Sestini. Pp. 535-601. New York: Edward Arnold, 1992.
Ševčenko, N. P. “Wild Animals in the Byzantine Park.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 69–86. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Seyrig, Henri. “Antiquités syriennes: Les jardins de Kasr el-Heir.” Syria 12 (1931): 316–18.
Sharma, G. N. Mewar and the Mughal Emperors, 1526–1707 A.D. 2nd ed. Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1962.
Shastri, Pandit H. Annual Progress Report of the Archaeological Department, Jammu and Kashmir State, for the Vikrama Year 1974 (A.D. 1917–18). Jammu: Alim Chand, 1919.
Shaw, M. C. “The Aegean Garden.” American Journal of Archaeology 97 (1993): 661–85.
Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Vol. 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280–1808. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Shay, Mary Lucille. “The Ottoman Empire from 1720 to 1734 as Revealed in Despatches of the Venetian Balili.” Illınois Studies in the Social Sciences 27, no. 3 (1944): 1–161.
Shephard-Parpagliolo, M. T. Kabul: The Bagh-i Babur. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio e l’Estremo Oriente, 1972.
Shereshevski, Joseph. Byzantine Urban Settlements in the Negev Desert. Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press, 1991.
Shihabi, Mustafa, al-, Colin, G.S., Lambton, A.K.S., İnalcık, Halil and Habib, Irfan, “Filāḥa.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, eds. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. 2nd ed. 2012, http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0222.
Shokoohy, Mehrdad, and Natalie Shokoohy. Nagaur: Sultanate and Early Mughal History and Architecture of the District of Nagaur, India. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1993.
Aleksander Shopov, “Flower-Breeding in Early Modern Istanbul: A Science of Seeds”Isis 113/3 (2022): 588-596.
_____________________,“When Istanbul Was a City of Bostāns: Urban Agriculture and Agriculturists“, in A Companion to Early Modern Istanbul, ed. by Shirine Hamadeh and Çiğdem Kafesçioğlu, Brill, 2021, 279-308.
_____________________,“Irrigating and Weeding the Bostan in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Turkish Literature.” Turkish Ecocriticism: From Neolithic to Contemporary Timescapes, ed. by Serpil Oppermann and Sinan Akıllı, Lexington Books, Ecocritical Theory аnd Praxis Series, 2021, 69-85.
_____________________,“An Archeology of Sustenance: The Endangered Market Gardens of Istanbul.” In
Archaeology for the People: Joukowsky Institute Perspectives, eds. J. Cherry and F. Rojas (Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books, 2016): 29-38. Co-authored with C. White and M.E. Ostovich.
_____________________,“Osmanlı Istanbul’unda Kent Içi Tarımsal Toprak Kullanımı ve Dönüşumleri: Yedikule Bostanları [Urban agricultural land use and its transformations in Ottoman Istanbul: Yedikule gardens],” Toplumsal Tarih, 236 (2013): 34-38. Co-authored with Ayhan Han.
_____________________,“The Soil Does Not Have History,” in An Impromptu Uprising: Ethnographic Reflections on the Gezi Partk Protests in Turkey. Fieldsights-Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, ed. by Umut Yıldırım and Yael Navaro-Yashin (October 31, 2013). http://culanth.org/fieldsights/408-the-soil-does-not-have-history
Siddiqui, Iqtidar Husain. “Discovery of 14th–15th Century Historic Garden Remains in Delhi and Champanir (Gujrat).” Journal of Central Asian Civilization 24, no. 1 (2001): 168–76.
———. “The Discovery of Architectural Remains of a Pre-Mughal Garden at New Delhi.” In Archaeology and History: Essays in Memory of Shri A. Gosh, edited by B. M. Pande and B. D. Chattopadhyaya, 573–77. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1987.
———. “Waterworks and Irrigation System in India during Pre-Mughal Times.” Islamic Culture 58 (1984): 1–21.
———. “Water Works and Irrigation System in India during Pre-Mughal Times.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 29, no. 1 (February 1986): 52–77.
Sidky, H. Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of a Hydraulic Kingdom. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1996.
Silâhdar Mehmet Aǧa. Nusretnâme. Edited by İsmet Parmaksızoğlu. Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1962.
Silay, Kemal. Nedim and the Poetics of the Ottoman Court: Medieval Inheritance and the Need for Change. 1st ed. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, 1994.
Silberberg, Bruno. Das Pflanzenbuch des Abû Hanîfa Ahmed ibn Dâ'ûd ad-Dinawarî. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1910.
———. “Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Hanīfa Ahmed ibn Dā’ūd ad-Dīnawarī: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern.” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete 24 (1910): 225–65.
———. “Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Hanīfa Ahmed ibn Dā’ūd ad-Dīnawarī: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern (Schluß).” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 25 (1911): 39–88.
Simonet, Francisco. Descripción del reino de Granada bajo la dominación de los naseritas, sacada de los autores árabes, y seguida del texto inédito de Mohammed Ebn Aljathib. Madrid: Atlas, 1982.
Singer, Charles Joseph, A. Rupert Hall, and Eric John Holmyard. A History of Technology. Oxford,: Clarendon Press, 1954.
Singh, A. P., and Shiv Pal Singh. Monuments of Orchha. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1991.
Singh, Patwant. “The Tragedy of the Lodi Tombs.” Design 15 (April 1971): 15–26.
Sinha, Amita. “The Cosmic Tree in Buddhist Landscapes.” Geographical Review of India 63, no. 1 (2001): 1–15.
———. “Nature in Hindu Art, Architecture and Landscape.” Landscape Research 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–10.
Sinha, Amita, and D. Fairchild Ruggles. “The Yamuna Riverfront, India: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Hindu Traditions in Cultural Landscapes.” Landscape Journal 23, no. 2 (2004): 141–52.
Sint Nicolaas, E., Günsel Renda, and Duncan Bull. The Ambassador, the Sultan, and the Artist: An Audience in Istanbul. Rijksmuseum Dossiers. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2003.
Skelton, Robert. “A Decorative Motif in Mughal Art.” In Aspects of Indian Art, edited by Pratapaditya Pal, 147–52. Leiden: Brill, 1972.
———. “Europe and India.” In Akten des XXV. Internationalen Kongresses für Kunstgeschichte: Wien, 4.–10. September 1983, edited by Martina Pippal and Hermann Fillitz, 5:33–42. Vienna: Böhlau, 1984.
———. The Indian Heritage: Court Life & Arts under Mughal Rule: [exhibition] Victoria & Albert Museum, 21 April–22 August 1982. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982.
Smart, Ellen. “Graphic Evidence for Mughal Architectural Plans.” Art and Archaeology Research Papers, nos. 3–4 (December 1973): 22–23.
Sobh, Muhammad. “Poetas en la corte de al-Ma’mun de Toledo.” In Simposio Toledo hispano-árabe, 53–54. Madrid, 1986.
Sobradiel, Pedro. La arquitectura de la Aljafería: Estudio histórico documental. Aragón: Gobierno de Aragón, Departamento de Educación y Cultura, 1998.
Solignac, Marcel. “Recherches sur les installations hydrauliques de Kairouan et des steppes tunisiennes du VIIe au Xie siècles (J.-C.).” Annales de l’institut d’études orientales, Alger 11 (1953): 60–170.
Soto de Rojas, Pedro. Paraíso cerrado para muchos, jardines abiertos para pocos: Fragmentos de Adonis. Edited by Aurora Egido. Madrid: Cátedra, 1981.
Sousa, Ahmed. Rayy Sāmarrāʾ fī ʻahd al-Khilāfah al-ʻAbbāsīyah: yabḥathu hādhā al-kitāb fī tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ wa-fī anhur al-Nahrawān wa-al-Jaʻfarī wa-fī Qanāt Sāmarrāʾ wa-ṣayd al-Mutawakkil lil-wuḥūsh wa-Birkat al-Buḥturī wa-fī kull mā yataʻallaqu bi-mashārīʻ al-rayy al-qadīmah fī minṭaqat Sāmarrāʾ fī ʻahd al-Khilāfah al-ʻAbbāsīyah. Baghdad: Maṭbaʻat al-Maʻārif, 1948.
Spanier, Y., and A. Sason. “Commercial Kilns in the Early Periods in the Eastern Desert of Israel.” Judaea and Samaria Research Studies 4 (1994): 161–78.
Speiser, Werner. Oriental Architecture in Colour. London: Thames and Hudson, 1965.
Staacke, Ursula. Un palazzo normano a Palermo: La Zisa. Palermo: Ricerche e Documenti, 1991.
Stein, Aurel. Archeological Reconnaissances in Northwestern India and Southeastern Iran. London: Macmillan and Co, 1937.
Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. 8th impression. Tehran; London; New York: Iran University Press; Routledge, 1988.
Stern, Menahem, ed. Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism. 3 vols. Fontes Ad Res Judaicas Spectantes. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974.
Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1949.
Stronach, David. “The Garden as a Political Statement: Some Case Studies from the Near East in the First Millennium B.C.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 4 (1990): 171–80.
———. “Parterrres and Stone Watercourses at Pasargadae: Notes on the Achaemenid Contribution to Garden Design.” Journal of Garden History 14 (1994): 3–12.
---. “The Royal Garden at Pasargadae: Evolution and Legacy.” Archaeologie Iranica et Orientalis: Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe, edited by L. de Meyer and E. Haerinck, 475–502. Gent: Peeters, 1989.
Suárez Márquez, Ángela, ed. La Alcazaba: Fragmentos para una historia de Almería. Seville: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura, 2005.
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Explorations in Connected History: From the Tagus to the Ganges. New Delhi; Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Subtelny, Maria E. “Agriculture and the Timuid Chaharbagh: The Evidence from a Medieval Persian Agricultural Manual.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 110–28. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. “A Medieval Persian Agricultural Manual in Context: The Irshad al-Zira’a in Late Timurid and Early Safavid Khorasan.” Studia Iranica 22 (1993): 167–217.
———. “Mirak-i Sayyid Ghiyas and the Timurid Tradition of Landscape Architecture.” Studia Iranica 24 (1995): 19–54.
———. Le monde est un jardin. Aspects de l’histoire culturelle de l’Iran médiéval. Paris: Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes, 2002.
———. “The Traces of the Traces: Reflections of the Garden in the Persian Mystical Imagination.” Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., 2006.
Sunar, Cavit. Melâmı̂lik ve Bektaşı̂lik. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1975.
Tabbaa, Yasser. “The Medieval Islamic Garden: Typology and Hydraulics.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 303–30. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
———. “The Salsabil and Shadirwan in Medieval Islamic Courtyards.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 34–37.
———. “Towards an Interpretation of the Use of Water in Islamic Courtyards and Courtyard Gardens.” Journal of Garden History 7, no. 3 (1987): 197–220.
Taeschner, Franz. “Die Geographische Literatur der Osmanen.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 77 (1923): 31–80.
Taft, Francis. “Honor and Alliance: Reconsidering Mughal-Rajput Marriages.” In The Idea of Rajasthan: Explorations in Regional Identity, edited by Karine Schomer, Joan L. Erdman, Deryck O. Lodrick, and Lloyd I. Rudolph, 2:217–41. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors; American Institute of Indian Studies, 1994.
Tagher, Jeanette. “Le jardin de l’Ezbekieh.” Cahier d’histoire égyptienne 5–6 (1951): 413–21.
Taj, Ali. “Baolis, Bridges and Caravansarais along Ancient Trunk Road in NWFP.” Ancient Pakistan (Peshawar) 13 (1999–2000): 69–108.
Talbot, Alice-Mary. “Byzantine Monastic Horticulture: The Textual Evidence.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 37–68. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Tambs-Lyche, Harald. “Flooding the World with Wealth: The King’s Place in the Consecration Ritual of the Rajsagar Lake in Mewar.” Journal of the Oriental Institute 40 (June 1991): 275–91.
Tandon, B. “The Architecture of the Nawabs of Avadh, 1722-1856.” Facets of Indian Art, edited by Robert Skelton et al., 66–75. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
Tanpınar, Ahmet Hamdi. XIX asir Türk edebiyati tarihi. Istanbul: İbrahim Horoz Basimevi, 1956.
Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste. Les six voyages de Monsieur J. B. Tavernier, Ecuyer, Baron d’Aubonne, en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes. New ed. Rouen, 1724.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, and François Bernier. Collections of Travels through Turkey into Persia, and the East-Indies: Giving an Account of the Present State of Those Countries . . . London: Printed for Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Pauls church-yard, 1684.
Tengeberg, Margareta. “Research into the Origins of Date Palm Domestication.” In The Date Palm: From Traditional Resource to Green Wealth, 51–62. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2003.
Tepper, Yigal. “Hydroponics System in the Byzantine Agriculture of Umm-Summer Area.” In South Sinai Researches, 1967–1982, edited by Ilan Lakiš and Ze’ēb Mešel, 51–54. Tel Aviv: The Society for the Preservation of Nature, 1982.
———. “The Rise and Fall of Dove-Raising.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 170–98. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Terzioğlu, Derin. “Sufi and Dissent in the Ottoman Empire: Niyazi-i Misri (1618–1694).” PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1999.
Texier, Charles. Asie mineure: Description géographique, historique et archéologique des provinces et des villes de la Chersonnèse d’Asie. Paris: F. Didot, 1862.
Thacker, Christopher. The History of Gardens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
Theophrastus. Enquiry into Plants, and Minor Works on Odours and Weather Signs. Translated by Arthur Hort. 2 vols. London; Cambridge, Mass.: Heinemann; Harvard University Press, 1916.
Thévenot, Jean. Voyage du Levant. La Découverte. Paris: F. Maspero, 1980.
Thomas, John, and Angela Constantinides Hero, eds. Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2000.
Thompson, Homer A., and R. E. Wycherley. The Agora of Athens: The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1972.
Tillotson, G. H. R. The Raput Palaces: The Development of an Architectural Style, 1450–1750. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
Tirmizi, S. A. I. Ajmer through Inscriptions (1532–1852 A.D.). New Delhi: Indian Institute of Islamic Studies, 1968.
Titley, Norah. Plants and Gardens in Persian, Mughal and Turkish Art. London: British Library, 1979.
Titley, Norah, and Frances Wood. Oriental Gardens. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1991.
Tito Rojo, José. “La construcción teórica de un estilo: El jardín hispanomusulmán.” In Histories of Garden Conservation: Case-Studies and Critical Debates, edited by Michel Conan, José Tito Rojo, and Luigi Zangheri, 321–58. Florence: L. S. Olschki, 2005.
———. “La idea del jardín islámico, historiografía y problemas actuales.” In La ciudad en el occidente islámico medieval II: Jardines de al-Andalus, 1–24. Granada: Escuela de Estudios Árabes, 2005.
———. “Permanencia y cambio en los jardines de la Granada morisca (1492-1571). II. Los jardines de los palacios nazaríes: La Alhambra y el Generalife.” In Jardín y naturaleza en el reinado de Felipe II, edited by Carmen Añón and José Luis Sancho, 363–79. Madrid: Sociedad Estatal Conme. Centenarios Felipe II-Carlos V, 1998.
———. “Restauración en arquitectura del paisaje, ensayo metodológico adaptado al Carmen de los Mártires y otros jardines granadinos del siglo XIX.” Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Granada, 1997.
Tito Rojo, José, and Manuel Casares Porcel. El Carmen de la Victoria: Un jardín regionalista en el contexto de la historia de los cármenes de Granada. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2000.
Tito Rojo, José, and Manuel Casares Porces. “Paysage végétal et paysage urbain à Grenade : Évolution et typologies des cármenes au siècle des Lumières.” In La nature citadine au siècle des Lumières: promenades urbaines et villégiature: [actes du] colloque, Musée des beaux-arts de Nancy dans le cadre des manifestations, Nancy 2005, le temps des Lumières, les 24 et 25 juin 2005, edited by Daniel Rabreau and Sandra Pascalis, 119–29. Bordeaux; Paris: Wm. Blake & Co./Art & arts; Centre Ledoux, Université Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2005.
Tolasa, Harun. Sehî, Latîfî, Âşık Çelebi tezkirelerine göre 16. y.y.’da edebiyat araştırma ve eleştirisi. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, 1983.
Topsfield, Andrew. “City Palace and Lake Palaces: Architecture and Court Life in Udaipur Painting.” In Stones in the Sand: The Architecture of Rajasthan, edited by G. H. R. Tillotson, 54–67. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2001.
———. The City Palace Museum, Udaipur: Paintings of Mewar Court Life. Ahmedabad; Middletown, N.J.: Mapin; Grantha Corp., 1990.
Torres Balbás, Leopoldo. Artes almoravide y almohade. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1955.
———. “Los contornos de las ciudades hispanomusulmanas.” Al-Andalus 15 (1950): 437–86.
———. La mezquita de Córdoba y las ruinas de Madinat al-Zahra. Madrid: Editorial Plus-Ultra, 1952.
———. “Notas sobre Sevilla en la época musulmana.” Al-Andalus 10, no. 1 (1945): 177–94.
———. “Paseos por la Alhambra. Una necrópolis nazarí: La Rauda.” Archivo Español de Arte y Arqueología 6 (1926): 261–75.
———. “Patios de crucero.” Al-Andalus 23 (1958): 171–92.
Toynbee, Arnold, ed. Cities of Destiny. London: Thames and Hudson, 1967.
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. “Charting Holocene Landscape Changes in the Mediterranean using the Geoarchaeological Approach.” Special issue of Géomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement 18:1 (2012).
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. “Geoarchaeology of Egypt and the Mediterranean: Reconstructing Holocene Landscapes and Human Occupation History.” Special issue of Quaternary International 266 (2012).
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. Landscape Archaeology: Egypt and the Mediterranean World, Bibliothèque d’étude 169. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2018.
Tsafrir, Yoram, and Y. Magen, eds. “The Monastery of St. Martyrius at Ma‘ale Adummim.” In Ancient Churches Revealed, 170–96. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993.
Tuncer, Hadiye, and Hüner Tuncer. Osmanlı diplomasisi ve sefaretnameler. 1st ed. Ankara: Ümit Yayıncılık, 1997.
Türk ziraat tarihine bir bakış. Istanbul: Devlet Basımevi, 1938.
Turner, Howard R. Science in Medieval Islam. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.
Turner, Victor W. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.
Uçman, Abdullah. Yirmisekiz Mehmed Celebi. Istanbul: Garanti Matbaacılık ve Neşriyat, 1977.
Ulbert, Thilo. “Ein umaiyadischer Pavillon in Resafa-Rusafat Hisam (Taf. 51-57).” Damaszener Mitteilungen 17 (1993): 213–31.
———. “Rusafa.” The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Unat, Faik Reşit. “Ahmet III Devrine Ait Bir Islahat Takriri.” Tarih Vesikaları 1, no. 2 (1941): 107–21.
Ur Rahman, Aman. Zahir-uddin Muhammad Babur: A Numismatic Study. Azamgarh: Aman ur Rahman, 2005.
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. Osmanlı devletinin saray teşkilâtı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1945.
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı, and Enver Ziya Karal. Osmanlı tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1947.
Vaillat, Léandre. “Les jardins de Marrakech.” Revue Hebdomadaire 39 (1930): 439–58.
Valladar Serrano, Francisco de Paula. “Jardines de Granada.” La Alhambra: Revista quincenal de artes y letras, 1924, 5–7.
Vallejo Triano, Antonio. “El proyecto urbanístico del estado califal: Madinat al Zahra’.” In La arquitectura del Islam occidental, edited by Rafael J. López Guzmán, 69–81. Granada: Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “Madinat al-Zahra’: The Triumph of the Islamic State.” In Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain, edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds, 27–39. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992.
Valor Piechotta, Magdalena, Fernando Amores Carredano, and M. Vera Reina, eds. “Al-Buhayra/Huerta del Rey.” In El último siglo de la Sevilla islámica (1147–1248): Exposición Real Alcázar de Sevilla, 5 diciembre 95–14 enero 96, 135–43. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1995.
Valor Piechotta, Magdalena, and Rafael Manzano Martos. “El Alcázar de Sevilla: Los Palacios Almohades.” In El último siglo de la Sevilla islámica (1147–1248): Exposición Real Alcázar de Sevilla, 5 diciembre 95–14 enero 96, 101–24. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1995.
Van Beek, Gus W. “Frankincense and Myrrh.” Biblical Archaeologist 23 (1960): 70–95.
Van der Ree, Paul, Gerrit Smienk, and Clemens M. Steenbergen. Italian Villas and Gardens: A Corso Di Disegno. Munich, Germany; New York: Prestel; Distributed in the USA and Canada by the Neues Pub. Co., 1993.
Varisco, Daniel. “Agriculture in Rasulid Zabid.” In Journal of Semitic Studies: Supplement 14 – Studies on Arabia in Honour of Professor G. Rex Smith, edited by J. F. Healey and V. Porter, 323–51. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
———. Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
———. “A Royal Crop Register from Rasulid Yemen.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 34 (1991): 1–22.
Varro, Marcus Terentius. Rerum rusticarum libri tres. Edited by Heinrich Keil and Georg Goetz. New corr. ed. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1929.
Vázques Ruíz, José. “Un calendario anónimo granadino del siglo XV.” Revista del Instituto de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid 9–10 (1961–62): 23–64.
Veinstein, Gilles. İlk osmanlı sefiri 28 Mehmet Çelebi’nin Fransa anıları: kafirlerin cenneti. Translated by Murat Aykaç Erginöz. Istanbul: Ark, 2002.
Velázquez Bosco, Ricardo. Arte del califato de Córdoba: Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya. Madrid: Imprenta artística de J. Blass y cía, 1912.
Ventura Villanueva, Angel. El abastecimiento de aqua a la Córdoba romana. I – El Acueducto de Valdepuentes. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1993.
Vesel, Ziva. “Les traits d’agriculture en Iran.” Studia Iranica 15 (1986): 99–108.
Vigil Escalera, Manuel. El jardín musulmán de la antigua casa de contratación de Sevilla: Intervención arquitectónica. 2nd ed. Seville: Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, 1999.
Vílchez Vílchez, Carlos. El palacio del Partal Alto en la Alhambra. Armilla: Proyecto Sur, 2001.
———. El Generalife. Granada: Proyecto Sur de Ediciones, 1991.
Villiers-Stuart, C. M. Gardens of the Great Mughals. London: A. & C. Black, 1913.
———. “Indian Water Gardens.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 62 (1914): 447–67.
———. Spanish Gardens. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1929.
Volwahsen, Andreas. Imperial Delhi: The British Capital of the Indian Empire. Munich: Prestel, 2002.
von Grunebaum, Gustave. “The Response to Nature in Arabic Poetry.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4 (1945): 137–51.
von Hantelman, Christa, and Dieter Zoern. Gardens of Delight: The Great Islamic Gardens. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag, 2001.
von Kremer, Alfred. Semitische Kulturentlehnungen aus dem Plfanzen- und Tierreiche. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cotta‘schen Buchhandlung, 1875.
Watson, Andrew. Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
———. “The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion – 711-1100.” Journal of Economic History 34 (1974): 8–35.
Weber, Edgar. “La ville de cuivre, une wille d’al-Andalus.” Sharq al-Andalus 6 (1989): 43–81.
Weitzmann, Kurt. “The Greek Sources of Islamic Scientific Illustrations.” Archaeologica Orientalia in Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld, edited by G. Miles, 244–66. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1952.
Welch, Anthony. “Gardens That Babur Did Not Like: Landscape, Water and Architecture for the Sultans of Delhi.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 59–94. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
———. “Hydraulic Architecture in Medieval India: The Tughluqs.” Environmental Design (1985): 74–81.
Welch, Stuart Cary. Wonders of the Age: Masterpieces of Early Safavid Painting, 1501–1576. Cambridge, Ma.: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 1979.
Wengel, Tassilo. The Art of Gardening through the Ages. Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 1987.
Wescoat, James L, Jr. “Early Water Systems in Mughal India.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 50–57.
———. “Gardens of Conquest and Transformation: Lessons from the Earliest Mughal Gardens in India.” Landscape Journal 10, no. 2 (1991): 105–14.
———. “Gardens of Invention and Exile: The Precarious Context of Mughal Garden Design During the Reign of Humayun (1530–1556).” Journal of Garden History 10 (1990): 106–16.
———. “Garden versus Citadels: The Territorial Context of Early Mughal Gardens.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 331–58. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
———. “L’acqua nei giardini islamici: Religione, rappresentazione e realta.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 109–26. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. “Mughal Gardens: The Re-Emergence of Comparative Possibilities and the Wavering of Practical Concerns.” In Perspectives on Garden Histories, edited by Michel Conan, 107–26. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1999.
———. “Picturing an Early Mughal Garden.” Asian Art 2 (1989): 59–79.
———. “Waterworks and Landscape Design at the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, edited by Elizabeth Moynihan, 59–78. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2000.
Wescoat, James L., Jr., Michael Brand, and Naeem Mir. “The Shadara Gardens of Lahore: Site Documentation and Spatial Analysis.” Pakistan Archaeology 25 (1993): 333–66.
Westcoat, James L., Jr., and Gilbert White. Water for Life: Water Management and Environmental Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Wescoat, James L., Jr., and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, eds. Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
Westholm, Alfred. Cornelius Loos: Teckningar från en expedition till Främre Orienten 1710–1711. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1985.
Wilber, Donald Newton. Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1979.
Wilkinson, Taylor J. “The Archaeological Component of Agricultural Soils in the Middle East: The Effects of Manuring in Antiquity.” In Man-Made Soils, edited by Willy Groenman-van Waateringe and Mark Robinson, 93–114. Oxford: B.A.R., 1988.
———. “The Definition of Ancient Manured Zones by Means of Extensive Sherd-Sampling Techniques.” Journal of Field Archaeology 9 (1982): 323–33.
Will, Ernest, and F. Larché. ʻIraq al-Amir: Le château du tobiade Hyrcan. Paris: Libr. orientaliste P. Geuthner, 1991.
Willems, Harco & Jan-Michael Dahms eds. The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt. Mainz: Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences 36, Transcript, Bielefeld, 2017.
Willems, Harco, Hanne Creylman, Véronique de Laet & Gert Verstraeten. “The Analysis of Historical Maps as an Avenue to the Interpretation of Pre-Industrial Irrigation Practices in Egypt.” In: The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, edited by Harco Willems and Jan-Michael Dahms. Pp. 255-343. Mainz: Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences 36, Transcript, Bielefeld, 2017.
Wittfogel, Karl August. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.
Wolschke-Buhlman, Joachim. “The Study of Byzantine Gardens: Some Questions and Observations from a Garden Historian.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 1–12. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand. Geschichte der arabischen Ärzte und Naturforscher. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1840.
Xenophon. Anabasis. Translated by Carleton L. Brownson. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Yaʻqubi, Ahmad. Les pays. Translated by Geston Wiet. Cairo, 1937.
Yadgar, Ahmad. Tārīkh-i Shāhī, maʻrūf bih, Tārīkh-i Salāṭin-i Afāghinah. Edited by M. Hidayat Hosain. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society, 1939.
Yamashita, Kōsuke, et al., eds. Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 1955. 8 vols. Kyoto: Committee of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, Kyoto University, 1960.
Yıldız, Demiriz. “Tulips in Ottoman Turkish Culture and Art.” In The Tulip: A Symbol of Two Nations, edited by Michiel Roding and Hans Theunissen, 57–75. Utrecht: M. Th. Houtsma Stichting, 1993.
Yirmisekiz Mehmet Çelebi. Paris’te bir Osmanlı sefiri: Yirmisekiz Mehmet Çelebi’nin Fransa seyahatnamesi; Anı. Edited by Şevket Rado. Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2008.
Yöntem, Ali Canip. “1730 İhtilali ve Şair Nedim’in Ölümü.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:335–40. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
Zajadacz-Hastenrath, Salome. “A Note on Babur’s Lost Funerary Enclosure at Kabul.” Muqarnas 14 (1997): 135–42.
Zangheri, Luigi, Brunella Lorenzi, and Nausikaa M. Rahmati, eds. Il giardino islamico. Florence: L. S. Olschki, 2006.
Zertal, A., and Nivi Mirkam. “Hewn Vineyards: Unknown Agricultural System from the Roman and Byzantine Period in Samaria.” In The Manasseh Hill-Country Survey. Vol. 3, From Nahal ‘Iron to Naham Shechem, 461–67. Tel Aviv; Haifa: Haifa University Press, 2000.
Ziad, Zeenut. The Magnificent Mughals. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Important websites and digital projects:
B. Deniz Çalış compiled the bibliographies of authors who contributed to Middle East Garden Traditions: Unity and Diversity; Questions, Methods and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective. To this have been added references from the garden catalogue introductions as well as references for the multilingual glossary. The original project bibliography was supplemented in 2020 with new entries added by Sasson Chahanovich, 2018–2020 William R. Tyler Fellow, and 2024 by William R. Tyler Fellow Walid Akef.
Last updated: 29 January 2020.
Jump to: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Abdi. 1730 Patrona ihtilâli hakkinda bir eser tarihi. Edited by Faik Reşit Unat. Ankara: Türk tarih kurumu, 1943.
Abdi Bayg Shirazi, Zayn al-ʻAbidin ʻAli. Dawḥat al-azhār. Edited by Abulfaz Rahimov and ʻAli Minaʼi. Moscow: Idārah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Dānish, 1974.
Abu al-Fazl ʻAllami. The Akbar Nāmā of Abu-l-Fazl. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1897.
———. The Akbar Nāma of Abu-l-Fazl: History of the Reign of Akbar Including an Account of His Predecessors. Translated by Beveridge Henry. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1977.
———. The Āʾīn-i Akbarī. Edited by S. L. Goomer. Translated by H. Blochmann. 2nd ed. Delhi: Aadiesh Book Depot, 1965.
Abu-Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Agarwal, Anil, and Sunita Narain. Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential of India’s Traditional Water Harvesting Systems. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environ, 1997.
Ahmet Cevdet Paşa. Cevdet Paşa tarihinden seçmeler. Istanbul: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, 1994.
Aitchison, James Edward Tierney. Notes on the Products of Western Afghanistan and of North-Eastern Persia. Edinburgh: Neill, 1890.
Aktepe, M. Münir. “18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Kağıthane ve Sadabad.” TTOK Belleteni 72 (1984–85): 14–19.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 4, no. 7 (1952): 85–126.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 5, no. 8 (1953): 85–104.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 6, no. 9 (1954): 23–28.
———. “Dâmâd Ibrahim Pasa devrinde lâle.” Tarih Dergisi 13, nos. 17–18 (1963): 17–25.
———. “İstanbul Fenerbahçesi hakkında bazı bilgiler.” Edebiyat Fakultesi Tarih Dergisi 32 (1979): 349–72.
———. “Kağıthane’ye Dair Bazı Bilgiler.” In Ord. Prof. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı’ya armağan, 335–63. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1976.
Al-Baghdadi, Abu Khatib. Tārīkh Baghdād aw madīnat al-salām. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, 1966.
Alcántara, Emilio Lafuente y. Inscripciones árabes de Granada: Precedidas de una reseña histórica y de la genealogia detallada de los reyes Alahmares. Madrid: Imprenta nacional, 1859.
Alemany Bolufer, Jose. “La geografía de la península Ibérica en los escritores árabes.” Revista del Centro de Estudies Historicos de Grandada y su Reino 9 (1919): 136–42.
Alemi, Mahvash. “Chahar Bagh.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1 (1966): 38–45.
———. “I giardini reali di Ashraf e Farahâbâd.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 201–16. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. “Il giardino persiano: tipi e modelli.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 39–62. Milan: Electa, 1994.
———. “The Royal Gardens of the Safavid Period: Types and Models.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 71–96. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
Al-Fashtali. Manâhil al-safâ fî akhbâr al-mulûk al-shurafâ. Rabat: A. Gannoun, 1964.
Alfieri, Bianca Maria. Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. London: Laurence Kind, 2000.
Alleaume, Ghislaine. “Les systèmes hydrauliques de l’Égypte prémoderne. Essai d’histoire du paysage.” In: Itinéraires d’Égypte. Mélanges offerts au père Maurice Martin s.j., Bibliothèque d’étude 107, edited by Christian Décobert. Pp. 301-322. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1992.
Allen, Terry. “Imagining Paradise in Islamic Art.” Sebastopol, CA: Solipsist Press, 1993.
———. Timurid Herat. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1983.
———. “The Tombs of the ‘Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 46 (1983): 421–31.
Alley, Kelly D. On the Banks of the Gaṅgā: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred River. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
Almagro Gorbea, Antonio. El palacio omeya de Amman. 3 vols. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Direccion General de Relaciones Culturales, 1983–2000.
———. “El Patio del Crucero de los Reales Alcázares de Sevilla.” Al-Qantara 20 (1999): 331–76.
———. “Jardín con plantas (y alzados) de papel.” In Arquitectura en al-Andalus, documentos para el siglo XXI, edited by A. Jiménez, 205–84. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1996.
———. Planimetría del Alcázar de Sevilla. Granada: R. A., CSIC, 2000.
———. “A La arquitectura en al-Andalus en torno al año 1000: Madinat al-Zahra.” In La península ibérica en torno al año 1000: VII congreso de estudios medievales: [León, 27 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 1999], 165–91. Ávila: Fundación Sánchez-Albornoz, 2001.
———. “La recuperación del jardín medieval del Patio de las Doncellas.” Apuntes del Alcázar de Sevilla 6 (2005): 44–67.
———. “El palacio de Pedro I en Tordesillas: Realidad e hipótesis.” Reales Sitios 163 (2005): 2–13.
———. “Preserving the Architectural Heritage of Al-Andalus: From Restoration to Virtual Reconstruction.” Al-Masaq 19, no. 2 (2007): 155–75.
———. “Una nueva interpretación del patio de la Casa de Contratación del Alcázar de Sevilla.” Al-Qantara 28, no. 1 (2007): 181–228.
Almagro, Antonio, and Ana Almagro-Vidal. “La expresión gráfica en el análisis del Patrimonio: El patio del Crucero del Alcázar de Sevilla.” In Actas del IX Congreso internacional de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, EGA 2002, Re-Visiones: enfoques en docencia e investigación, 517–22. La Coruña, 2002.
Almagro, Antonio, et al. “Madinat al-Zahra, Investigación y representación.” In VIII Congreso Ibero-Americano de Gráfica Digital, SIGraDi 2004, El sentido y el universo digital, 47–49. São Leopoldo (Brasil), 2004.
Almagro, Antonio, and Antonio Orihuela. “El Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo de Granada.” In Casas y palacios de Al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 241–53. [Málaga]: Junta de Andalucía, 1995.
———. “Propuesta de intervención en el Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo (Granada).” Logia 4 (1997): 22–29.
Almagro Basch, Martín, et al. Qusayr ʻAmra: Residencia y baños omeyas en el desierto de Jordania. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Dirección General de Relaciones Culturales, y Junta para la Protección de Monumentos y Bienes Culturales en el Exterior, 1975.
Almagro-Vidal, Ana. “La evolución del espacio en la arquitectura palatina andalusí. Un análisis perceptivo a través de la infografía.” Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universidad de Granada, 2005.
Al-Maqqari, Ahmad. The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain. Translated by Pascual Gayangos. 2 vols. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1984.
Alvi, M. A. Jahangir: The Naturalist. National Institute of Sciences of India, 1968.
Alvi, Mujtaba Ahmad, and Abdur Rahman. Jahangir: The Naturalist. Reprint. New Delhi: Indian national science academy, 1989.
Amar, Zohar. The Book of Incense. Tel Aviv: Erets; ha-Mador le-toldot ha-refuʼah be-Erets-Yiśraʼel; Merkaz Ingeborg Renerṭ le-limude Yerushalayim, 2002.
Amar, Zohar, and Afraim Lev. “Trends in the Use of Perfumes and Incense in the Near East After the Muslim Conquests.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 23, no. 1 (2013): 11–30.
Ameli, Abdullah J., A. Montazer, and S. Ayvazian. “Repères sur l’évolution urbaine d’Ispahan.” In Maison d’Ispahan, edited by Darab Diba, P. Revault, and S. Santelli, 23–43. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2001.
Amit, David, Joseph Patrich, and Yizhar Hirschfeld, eds. The Aqueducts of Israel. Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2002.
Anderson, Glaire D. “Aristocratic Residences and the Majlis in Umayyad Córdoba.” In Music, Sound, and Architecture in Islam, edited by Michael Frishkopf and Federico Spinetti, 228–54. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018.
Anderson, Glaire. The Islamic Villa in Early Medieval Iberia : Architecture and Court Culture in Umayyad Córdoba. Farnham, Surrey ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013.
Andrews, Walter G. Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric Poetry. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985.
Andrews, Walter G., Najaat Black, and Mehmet Kalpaklı. Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997.
Andrews, Walter G., and Mehmet Kalpaklı. The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
Anonymous (Archbishop of Ancyrus). Relation d’une mission faite nouvellement par Mgr l’archevêque d’Ancyre à Ispahan en Perse, pour la réunion des Arméniens à l’Eglise catholique. Paris: Jean de Nully, 1702.
Archaeological Survey of India—Photographs in the India Office Collections in the British Library. Surrey: Emmett Publishers, 1993.
Arel, Ayda. Onsekizinci yüzyıl Istanbul mimarısınde batılılasma süreci. Istanbul: I.T.U. Mimarlık Fakültesi Baskı Atölyesi, 1975.
Arianpour, Ali-Reza. Bāghhā-i tārīkh-i Shirāz. Tehran: Farhang-Sara, 1986.
Arié, Rachel. “Une metropole hispanomusulmane au Bas Moyen Age: Grenade nasride.” Les cahiers de Tunisie 34, nos. 137–38 (1986): 47–67.
Arjona Castro, Antonio. Anales de Córdoba musulmana, 711–1008. Córdoba: Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1982.
Armağan, Mustafa, ed. İstanbul armağanı. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 1995.
Arnold, Felix. “El área palatina: Evolución arquitectónica.” In La Alcazaba: Fragmentos para una historia de Almería, edited by Ángela Suárez Márquez, 91–110. Seville: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura, 2005.
Arnold, Felix, Alberto Canto García, and Antonio Vallejo Triano, eds. Munyat ar-Rummaniya: Ein Islamischer Landsitz bei Córdoba. Madrider Beiträge 34. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2015.
Arnold, Felix, Alberto Canto García, and Antonio Vallejo Triano, eds. Munyat ar-Rummaniya: Die Gartenanlagen. Madrider Beiträge 39. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2019
———. “Islamische Wohnburgen auf der iberischen Halbinsel: Neue Ergebnisse einer Bauaufnahme in Almería.” Architectura: Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Der Baukunst 33, no. 2 (2003): 153–74.
Arnold, Thomas Walker. Chronicle of Akbar the Great: A Description of a Manuscript of the Akbar-Nāma Illustrated by the Court Painters. Oxford: Printed for presentation to the members of the Roxburghe Club, 1937.
Arslan, Mehmet. Türk edebiyatında manzum surnâmeler: Osmanlı saray düğünleri ve şenlikleri. Maltepe, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Başkanlığı, 1999.
Artan, Tülay. “Architecture as a Theatre of Life: Profile of the Eighteenth Century Bosphorus.” PhD dissertation, MIT, 1989.
Asher, Catherine B. Architecture of Mughal India. 1st ed. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
———. “Babur and the Timurid Char Bagh: Use and Meaning.” In Mughal Architecture: Pomp and Ceremonies, 46–55. Rome: Dell’Oca, 1991.
———. “Gardens of the Nobility: Raja Man Singh and the Bagh-I Wah.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat, 61–72. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
——— “The Mausoleum of Sher Shah Suri.” Artibus Asiae 39, nos. 3-4 (1977): 273–98.
———. “Sub-Imperial Palaces: Power and Authority in Mughal India.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 281–302.
Asher, Catherine B., and Cynthia Talbot. India before Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Asif, Muhammad Hashim, and ʻAzızullah ʻAlızadah. Rustam al-tavārı̄kh. Tehran: Firdaws, 2001.
Asiltürk, Bâki. Osmanlı seyyahlarının gözüyle Avrupa. Istanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları, 2000.
Aşkar, Mustafa. Molla Fenârı̂ ve vahdet-i vücûd anlayışı. Ankara: Muradiye Kültür Vakfı, 1993.
Astarabadi, Husayn ibn Murtaza Husayni. Tārīkh-i sulṭānī: az Shaykh Ṣafī tā Shāh Ṣafī. Edited by Ihsan Ishraqi. Tehran: ʻIlmī, 1987.
Atasoy, Nurhan. 15. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyıla Osmanlı bahçeleri ve hasbahçeler. Istanbul: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Güzel Sanatlar Genel Müdürlüğü, 2005.
———. A Garden for the Sultan: Gardens and Flowers in the Ottoman Culture. 1st ed. [Turkey]: Aygaz, 2002.
Atil, Esin. “Surname-i Vehbi: An Eighteenth Century Ottoman Book of Festivals.” PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 1969.
———. “The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Festival.” Muqarnas 10 (1993): 181–200.
Atil, Esin, and Levni. Levni ve Surname: Bir osmanli senliginin Öyküsü. Istanbul: Koçbank, 1999.
Atkinson, James. The Expedition into Afghanistan: Notes and Sketches Descriptive of the Country, Contained in a Personal Narrative during the Campaign of 1839 & 1840, up to the Surrender of Dost Mahomed Khan. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1842.
Avanzini, Alessandra, and G. W. Bowersock, eds. “Perfumes and Power.” In Profumi d’Arabia: Atti Del Convegno, 543–56. Rome: “L’Erma” di Bretschneider, 1997.
Avigad, Nahman. Discovering Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Shikmona and the Israel Exploration Society, 1983.
Avi-Yonah, Michael. The Madaba Mosaic Map with Introduction and Commentary. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1954.
Azimi, Negar. “Matter and Mind: Shirin Sabahi.” Bidoun Magazine (September 2018). Accessed 17 October 2020.
Aziz, Khursheed Kamal. The Meaning of Islamic Art: Explorations in Religious Symbolism and Social Relevance. Lahore: al-Faisal, 2004.
Babur, Zahir Al Din Muhammad. Bâburnâma: Chaghatay Turkish Text with Abdul-Rahim Khankhanan’s Persian Translation. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Cambridge, Mass.: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 1993.
———. Babur-Nama. Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2002.
———. The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. Edited and translated by W. M. Thackston. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press, 1996.
Bailey, Gauvin. “The Sweet-Smelling Notebook: An Unpublished Mughal Source on Garden Design.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 129–39. Leiden; New York; Cologne: Brill, 1997.
Ballester-Olmos, José Francisco. El Jardín valenciano: Origen y caracterización estilística. Valencia: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 1998.
Bannerji, S. K. “Shah Jehan’s Monuments in Agra.“ Journal of United Provinces Historical Society 17 (1944): 55–70.
———. “Shah Jehan’s Monuments in Delhi and Ajmer.” Journal of United Provinces Historical Society 19 (1946): 148–62.
Barkan, Ömer Lutfi. XV ve XVI’inci asırlarda Osmanlı imparatorluğunda ziraı̄ ekonominin hukukı̄ ve malı̄ esasları. Istanbul: Bürhaneddin Matbaası, 1945.
Bauer, Thomas. Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Ḥanīfa ad-Dīnawarı̄. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1988.
Bayrakdar, Mehmet, and Dawud ibn Mahmud Qaysari. Kayserili Dâvûd: (Dâvûdu’l-Kayserî). [Ankara]: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 1988.
Beach, Milo Cleveland, Ebba Koch, and W. M. Thackston. King of the World: The Padshahnama; An Imperial Mughal Manuscript from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle. London: Azimuth Editions; Distributed by Thames and Hudson, 1997.
Beaudouin, Eugène E. “Ispahan sous les grands Chahs, XVIIe siècle.” Urbanisme 2, no. 10 (1933): 8–42.
Bedal, Leigh-Ann. The Petra Pool-Complex: A Hellenistic Paradeisos in the Nabataean Capital (Results from the Petra “Lower Market” Survey and Excavation, 1998). Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2004.
Bedreddin, Şeyh. Vâridât. Translated by Cemil Yener. Istanbul: Elif Yayınları, 1970.
Begley, Wayne. “The Garden of the Taj Majal: A Case Study of Mughal Architectural Planning and Symbolism.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat Jr. and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 213–31. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1996.
———. “The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning.” Arts Bulletin 61 (1979): 7–37.
Begley, Wayne, and Z. A. Desai. Taj Mahal: The Illumined Tomb: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Mughal and European Documentary Sources. Cambridge, MA: Agha Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, 1989.
Behrens-Abousseif, Doris. Azbakkiya and Ist Environs from Azbak to Isma’il, 1476-1879. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1985.
———. “Gardens in Islamic Egypt.” Der Islam 69, no. 2 (1992): 302–12.
Bellafiore, Giuseppe. La Zisa di Palermo. Palermo: Flaccovio, 1978.
———. Architettura in Sicilia nella eta islamica e normana (827-1194). Palermo: Arnolod Lombardi Editore, 1990.
Beltrán Martínez, Antonio. La Aljafería. Zaragoza: Cortes de Aragón, 1998.
Ben Arie, Jesosua. “Comparison of the Quarrying Systems of Caves and Pits of Beth Guvrin.” Studies in the Geography of Israel 6 (1968): 126–36.
Ben David, Haim. “Oil Presses and Oil Production in the Golan in the Mishnaic and Talmudic Period.” ‛Atiqot 34 (1998): 1–62, 5*–6*.
Bergdolt, Ernst. “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Botanik im Orient I.” Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 50, no. 6 (1932): 321–36.
———. “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Botanik im Orient III: Wasseranzeigende Pflanzen.” Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 54, no. 2 (1936): 127–34.
Berkes, Niyazi. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1964.
Bermúdez de Pedraza, Francisco. Antiguëdad y excelencias de Granada. Madrid: Luis Sanchez, 1608.
Bermúdez Pareja, Jesus. “El Generalife después del incendio de 1958.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 1 (1965): 9–39.
Bernier, François. Travels in the Mogul Empire, AD 1656–1668. Edited by Archibald Constable and Vincent A. Smith. Translated by Irving Brock. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Oriental Reprint, 1983.
———. Un libertin dans l’Inde moghole: les voyages de François Bernier, 1656–1669. Collection Magellane. Paris: Chandeigne, 2008.
Beşir Çelebi. Tarih-i Edirne. Edited by İsmail Ertaylan. Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Matbaası, 1960.
Beveridge, Annette Susannah. Bābur-Nāma (Memoirs of Bābur). New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1970.
Beyan-ı Menazil-i Sefer-i Irakeyn. Istanbul University Rare Books and Manuscripts Library.
Bilgin, Bülent. Geçmişte Yıldız Sarayı. Istanbul: Yıldız Sarayı Vakfı, 1988.
Bingley, A. H. Caste, Tribes & Culture of Rajputs. Edited by Krishna Prakash Bahadur. Rev. ed. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1978.
Bisheh, Gazhi. “Hammam Al-Sarah in the Light of Recent Excavations.” Damaszener Mitteilungen 4 (1989): 225–30.
———. “Qasr Al-Hallabat: An Umayyad Desert Retreat or Farm Land.” Studies on the History and Archaeology of Jordan 2 (1985): 263–65.
Blake, Stephen P. Half the World: The Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590–1722. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Pub., 1999.
Blessing, Patricia. “The Vessel as Garden: The ‘Alhambra Vases’ and Sensory Perception in Nasrid Architecture,” in: Sensory Reflections: Traces of Experience in Medieval Artifacts, ed. Fiona Griffiths and Kathryn Starkey (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018), 116-141.
Blouin, Katherine. Triangular Landscapes: Environment, Society, and the State in the Nile Delta Under Roman Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Blunt, Wilfird. “The Persian Garden Under Islam.” Apollo 103, nos. 170–72 (1976): 302–6.
Bonet Correa, Antonio. “El Renacimiento y el Barroco en los jardines musulmanes españoles.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 4 (1965): 3–20.
Bouchnik, Ram, Guy Bar-Oz, and Roni Reich. “Animal Remains from the City Dump of Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period.” New Studies on Jerusalem 10 (2004): 71–80.
Bowersock, G. W. Roman Arabia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Brand, Michael. “The Shahdara Gardens of Lahore.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 189–212. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
Brand, Michael, and Glenn D. Lowry, eds. Fatehpur-Sikri: A Sourcebook. Cambridge, Mass.: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985.
Breckle, Siegmar-Walter, Wolfgang Frey, and Ian C. Hedge. “Botanical Literature of Afghanistan.” Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 29 (1969): 357–71.
Briant, Pierre. Darius dans l’ombre d’Alexandre. Paris: Fayard, 2003.
Brignoli, Jean-Do. “Architecture et pouvoir: Hiérarchisation de l’espace et symbolique royale dans les complexes palatiaux safavides et qâdjârs.” DEA, Université Aix-Marseille I, 2000.
———. “Pascal Coste en Perse (1839–1842). L’apport d’un orientaliste à la recherche sur l’architecture palatiale: le cas d’Isfahan.” In L’Orient des architectes. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2006.
Broshi, Magen. “Demographic Changes in Ancient Eretz-Israel: Methodology and Estimates.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 49–56. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Brothers, Cammy. “The Renaissance Reception of the Alhambra: The Letters of Andrea Navagero and the Palace of Charles V.” Muqarnas 11 (1994): 79–102.
Brownlow, Margaret E. Herbs and the Fragrant Garden. 2nd rev. and enl. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Bruyn, Cornelis de. Voyages de Corneille le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes orientales. Amsterdam: chez les Frères Wetstein, 1718.
Bujarrabal, Maria Luisa, and José Luis Sancho. “El palacio mudéjar de Tordesillas.” Reales Sitios 106 (1990): 29–36.
Bunbury, Judith. The Nile and Ancient Egypt: Changing Land- and Waterscapes, from the Neolithic to the Roman Era. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Burnes, Sir Alexander. Cabool: Being a Personal Narrative of a Journey To, and Residence in That City, in the Years 1836, 1837 and 1838. London, 1842.
Busbecq, Ogier Ghislain de. The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople, 1554–1562. Translated by Edward Foster. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
———. The Life and Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. Edited by Charles Thornton Forster and Francis Henry Blackburne Daniell. London: C. K. Paul, 1881.
Byne, M. S., and A. Byne. Spanish Gardens and Patios. London: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1928.
Byron, Robert. The Road to Oxiana. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Cabo-González, Ana M. “The Study of the Evolution of Fruits Preservation Techniques in the Iberian Peninsula Through the Agronomic Andalusian Works, Their Roman Antecedents and Posterior Footprint in the Renaissance.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 24, no. 1 (2014): 139–68.
Çalış, B. Deniz. “Ideal and Real Spaces of Imagination: Continuity and Change in Ottoman Rituals of Poetry (Istanbul, 1453–1730).” PhD dissertation, Middle East Technical University, 2004.
Camberlain, Pierre. “Nile Basin Climates.” In: The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use, Monographiae Biologicae Series, 89, edited by Henri J. Dumont. Pp. 307-333. The Hague: Springer, 2019: pp. 307-333.
Can, Selman. Belgelerle Çırağan Sarayı. 1st ed. Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, 1999.
Canaye, Philippe, sieur de Fresne, and Henri Hauser. Le voyage du Levant de Philippe du Fresne-Canaye (1573). Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science, 1995.
Caro Baroja, Julio. Los moriscos del reino de Granada; Ensayo de historia social. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Políticos, 1957.
Caro, Rodrigo. Antigüedades y principado de la ilustrísima ciudad de Sevilla: Y chorographia de su convento júridico, o, antigua cancillería. Seville: A. Grande, 1634.
Carroll, Maureen. Earthly Paradises: Ancient Gardens in History and Archaeology. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003.
Casares, Manuel, José Tito, and Esther Cruces. “El jardín del Patio de la Acequia del Generalife. I. Su evolución en la documentación escrita y gráfica.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 39 (2003): 63–86.
Casares, Manuel, José Tito, and M. Socorro. “El jardín del Patio de la Acequia del Generalife. II. Consideraciones a partir del análisis palinológico.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 39 (2003): 87–108.
Çeçen, Kâzım. İstanbul’un Osmanlı dönemi suyolları. Edited by Celâl Kolay. Istanbul: [İstanbul Büyük Şehir Belediyesi, İstanbul su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi], 1999.
Cerasi, Maurice. “Town and Architecture in the 18th Century.” In Istanbul, Constantinople, Byzantium. Bologna: Éditrice compositori, 1997.
Chakravarti and Chhabra, Epigraphia Indica 29–30 (1951–1953).
Chardin, Jean. Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient: Enrichis de figures en taille-douce. New ed. Amsterdam: De la Compagnie, 1735.
Cherian, Danny. “Land, Water and Urban Form in Sultanate Delhi: Hydraulics and City Planning from 1200-1500 A.D.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design: Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26-29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 1:225–28. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
Chittick, William C. The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn Al-ʻArabī’s Cosmology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
———. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-ʻArabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Clairac, Louis-André de La Mamie. Histoire de Perse, depuis le commencement de ce siècle. Paris: C.-A. Jombert, Librarie du Roi pour l’Artillerie & le Gènie, 1750.
Clark, Arthur P., et al., eds. A Land Transformed: The Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Aramco. Dahran, KSA: Saudi Arabian Oil Co., 2006.
Clark, Emma. Underneath Which Rivers Flow: The Symbolism of the Islamic Garden. London: Prince of Wales’s Institute of Architecture, 1996.
Cleray, Edmond. “Le voyage de Pierre Lescalopier ‘Parisien’ de Venise à Constantinople, l’an 1574.” Revue d’histoire diplomatique 35 (1921): 21–55.
Clusius, Carolus. Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia. Antwerp: Plantini, 1576.
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus. On Agriculture. Translated by Harrison Boyd Ash. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, 1941.
Conan, Michel, ed. Baroque Garden Cultures: Emulation, Sublimation, Subversion. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2005.
Conan, Michel, W. John Kress, and Maria E. Subtelny, eds. “Visionary Rose: Metaphorical Interpretation of Horticultural Practice in Medieval Persian Mysticism.” In Botanical Progress: Horticultural Innovation and Cultural Change, 13–34. Washington, D.C.; Cambridge, Mass.: Published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; Distributed by Harvard University Press, 2007.
Cooper, John P. The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Medieval Egypt. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2015.
Corbin, Henry, and Ralph Manheim. Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn ’Arabi. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Corrales Ruíz, Joaquin. “Huertos y cármenes granadinos.” Granada gráfica (June 1923).
Coste, Pascal Xavier. Itinéraire de l’ambassade Française en Perse sous M. le Comte de Sercey, et des excursions scientifiques des deux artistes attachés à cette mission, par M. Pascal Coste, architecte. Manuscripts 1127–1137. Bibliothèque Municipale, Marseille.
Cotton, Hannah M., John David Thomas, and Joseph Geiger. Masada: The Yigael Yadin Excavations, 1963–1965. Vol. 2, The Latin and Greek Documents. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1989.
Cotton, H. M. “Ein Gedi between the Two Revolts.” Scripta Classica Israelica 20 (2001): 139–54.
Crane, Howard C. “Babur: 1483–1530: Mogul Ruler and Garden Designer.” In Encyclopedia of Gardens: History and Design, edited by Candice A. Shoemaker, 1:98–101. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2001.
Creswell, K. A. C. A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture. Rev. and enl. ed. Aldershot: Scolar, 1989.
———. Early Muslim Architecture. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
Crowe, Sylvia and Haywood, Sheila. The Gardens of Mughal India. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972.
Cunliffe, B. “Roman Gardens in Britain: A Review of the Evidence.” In Ancient Roman Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, 97–108. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University, 1981.
Dalloway, James. Constantinople Ancient and Modern, with Excursions to the Shores and Islands of the Archipelago and to the Troad. By James Dallaway, M.B. F.S.A. Late Chaplain and Physician of The British Embassy to the Porte. London: printed by T. Bensley, for T. Cadell Junr. & W. Davies, in the Strand, 1797.
Danby, Herbert, trans. The Mishnah. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.
Dar, Saifur Rehman. Historical Gardens of Lahore. Lahore: Aziz Publishers, 1982.
Dar, Shimʻon. Landscape and Pattern: An Archaeological Survey of Samaria 800 B.C.E.–636 C.E. 2 vols. Oxford: B.A.R., 1986.
Dar, Shimon. “Agriculture and Agricultural Produce in Eretz-Israel in the Roman-Byzantine Period.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 142–69. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Dauphin, Claudine. La Palestine byzantine: Peuplement et populations. 3 vols. BAR international series 726. Oxford: Archaeopress; Distributed by Hadrian Books, 1998.
Davis, Fanny. The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. New York: Charles Cribner’s Sons, 1970.
Davies, Philip. Splendours of the Raj: British Architecture in India, 1660-1947. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987.
Davison-Jenkins, Dominic J. The Irrigation and Water Supply Systems of Vijayanagara. New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies at Manohar, 1997.
Delgado Valero, Clara. Toledo islámico: Ciudad, arte e historia. Toledo: Zocodover, 1987.
Della Valle, Pietro. I viaggi di Pietro Della Valle. Vol. 1, Lettere dalla Persia. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1972.
———. Suite des fameux voyages de Pietro della Valle gentilhomme romain, surnommé l’illustre voyageur avec une description tres curieuse de tous les lieux où il a passé, de l’estime qu’il s’est acquise en la cour de Perse et du suscez dans ses négociations en faveur des chrétiens du Païs et des parents de M. Maani son épouse. Ensemble l’entrée magnifique des ambassadeurs d’Espagne, de Moscouie, de Turquie, de l’Inde et du grand Mogol dans Cazuis et Ardebil seconde partie. Paris: chez Gervais Clouzier, 1662.
Demiriz, Yıldız. “Tulips in Ottoman Turkish Culture and Art.” In The Tulip: A Symbol of Two Nations, edited by Michiel Roding and Hans Theunissen. 57–75. Utrecht: M. Th. Houtsma Stichting, 1993.
Demos, TJ. “Contemporary Art and the Politics of Ecology: An Introduction.” Third Text 27, no. 1 (Jan 2013): 1–9.
Deverdun, Gaston. Marrakech, des origines à 1912. 2 vols. Rabat: Éditions techniques nord-africaines, 1959.
Dickie, James. “The Hispano-Arab Garden: Its Philosophy and Function.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 21 (1968): 237–48.
———. “The Islamic Garden in Spain.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth Macdougall and Richard Ettinghausen. 89–105. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1976.
———. “The Mughal Garden: Gateway to Paradise.” Muqarnas 3 (1985): 128–37.
———. “Garden and Cemetery in Sinan’s Istanbul.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1, no. 2 (1987): 70–85.
———. “Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain.” In The Legacy of Muslim Spain, edited by Salma K. Jayyusi, 88–111. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
Dictionnaire des hommes illustres de Marrakech. Rabat: Imprimerie Royale, 1973.
Dieulafoy, Jane. Une amazone en Orient: Du Caucase à Persépolis, 1881–1882. Paris: Phébus, 2010.
Dirks, Nicholas B. The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Di Segni Campagnano, Leah. “L’iscrizione metrica greca di Khirbet er-Rajib.” Liber Annuus 38 (1988): 253–65.
Domínguez Casas, Rafael. Arte y etiqueta de los reyes católicos: Artistas, residencias, jardines y bosques. Madrid: Alpuerto, 1993.
Dubourg-Noves, Pierre. “Le style gothique français et les Alcazars chrétiens de Seville et de Cordove (XIIIe siècle).” In Actes du 94e Congrès national des sociétés savantes, Pau, 1969, 165–85. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1971.
Dufková, Marie, and Jan Pečírka. “ОБЗОРЬІ. ДИСКУССИЯ. Research in Progress. Discussion. Excavation of Farms and Farmhouses in the Chora of Chersonesos in the Crimea.” Eirene: Studia Graeca et Latina. 8 (1970): 123–74.
Dumont, Henri J., ed. The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use, Monographiae Biologicae Series, 89. The Hague: Springer, 2019.
Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi. 8 vols. Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı ve Tarih Vakfı’nın ortak yayınıdır, 1993.
Dupree, Nancy Hatch. An Historical Guide to Afghanistan. Kabul: Afghan Air Authority, Afghan Tourist Organization, 1971.
Eaton, Richard Maxwell. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
Eberhardt, Einar. Plant Life of the Karakorum: The Vegetation of the Upper Hunza Catchment (Northern Areas, Pakistan): Diversity, Syntaxonomy, Distribution. Berlin: J. Cramer, 2004.
Eck, Diana L. Darsán, Seeing the Divine Image in India. 2nd rev. and enl. Chambersburg, Pa.: Anima Books, 1985.
Edwardes, S. M. Babur: Diarist and Despot. London: A. M. Philpot, ltd., 1926.
Eldem, Sedad Hakkı. Saʾdabad. Ankara; Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı; Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü, 1977.
———. Türk bahçeleri. Ankara; Istanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı; Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü, 1976.
El Faïz, Mohammed. L’agronomie de la Mésopotamie antique: analyse du « Livre de l'agriculture nabatéenne » de Qûṯâmä. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
———. Arsat Moulay Abdeslam: Le temps des jardins princiers à Marrakesh. Morocco: Okad Al Jadida, 2005.
———. Jardins de Marrakech. Paris: Actes Sud, 2000.
———. Jardins du Maroc, d’Espagne et du Portugal. Un art de vivre partage. Arles: Actes Sud, 2003.
———. Les jardins historiques de Marrakech: Mémoire écologique d’une ville impériale. Florence: EDIFIR, 1996.
———. Les maîtres de l’eau: Histoire de l’hydraulique arabe. 1st ed. Arles: Actes Sud, 2005.
———. “Un traité des engrais d'après le Livre de l'agriculture nabatéenne.” Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée 39 (1997): 5–25.
El Faïz, Mohammed, Manuel Gómez Anuarbe, and Teresa Portela Marques. Jardins du Maroc, d’Espagne et du Portugal: un art de vivre partagé. Arles: Actes Sud, 2003.
Eldem, Sedad H. and Feridun Akozan. Topkapı Sarayı bir Mimari Araştırma. Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1982.
Elliot, H. M. Shah Jahan. Lahore: Sh. Mubarak Ali, 1975.
———. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period. Edited by John Dowson. 8 vols. New York: AMS Press, 1966.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart. An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, and Its Dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: Comprising a View of the Afghaun Nation, and a History of the Dooraunee Monarchy. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown . . . and J. Murray . . ., 1815.
Erdoğan, Muzaffer. “Osmanlı Devrinde İstanbul Bahçeleri.” Vakıflar Dergisi 4 (1958): 149–82.
Ergin, Nina. “The Soundscape of Sixteenth-Century Istanbul Mosques: Architecture and Qur’an Recital,” JSAH 67, no. 2 (June 2008): 204–221.
Escribano Ucelay, Víctor. Estudio histórico artístico del Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos de Córdoba. Córdoba: Publicaciones del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1972.
Ettinghausen, Richard, Oleg Grabar, and M. Jenkins-Madina. Islamic Art and Architecture, 650-1250. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2587. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2593. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2598. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2605. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2607. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2986. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2988. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
European printed book from the Topkapı Palace bound without title page. TSM H. 2599. Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
Evenari, Michael, Leslie Shanan, and Naphtali Tadmor. The Negev: The Challenge of a Desert. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Evin, Ahmet Ömür. “A Poem by Nedim: Some Thoughts on Criticsm of Turkish Literature and an Essay.” Edebiyat: A Journal of Middle Eastern and Comparative Literature 2, no. 1 (1977): 43–55.
———. “Batılılaşma ve Lale Devri.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:40–60. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
———. “Nedim: Poet of the Tulip Age: The Beginning of Western Influences and Westernization in Turkey: 1718–1730.” PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1973.
Evliya Çelebi. Seyahatnâmesi. Edited by Yücel Dağlı, Robert Dankoff, and Seyit Ali Kahraman. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1999.
Evyapan, Gönül. Old Turkish Gardens: Old Istanbul Gardens in Particular. Ankara: METU Faculty of Architecture Press, 1999.
Evyapan, Gönül Aslanoğlu. Eski Türk bahc̦eleri ve özellikle eski İstanbul bahc̦eleri. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, 1972.
Ewert, Christian. Spanisch-islamische Systeme sich kreuzender Bögen. Vol. 3, Die Aljafería in Zaragoza. 2 vols. Heidelberg: F. H. Kerle, 1978.
———. “Tradiciones omeyas en la arquitectura palatina de la época de los taifas. La Aljafería de Zaragoza.” In Actas del XXIII Congreso Internacional de Historia del Arte (Granada 1973), 2:62–75. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1977.
Eyice, Semavi. “Kağıthane, Sadabad-Çağlayan.” Taç 1 (1986): 29–86.
———. “Tarih İçinde İstanbul ve Şehrin Gelişmesi.” In Atatürk Konferansları, 1975, 17:89–182. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1980.
Faïz, Mohammed El, and Rachid Bendaoud. Les jardins de Marrakech. Arles: Actes Sud, 2000.
Farrar, Linda. Ancient Roman Gardens. Stroud: Sutton Pub., 1998.
———. Gardens of Italy and the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire: From the 4th Century BC to the 4th Century AD. BAR International Series 650. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1996.
Fat, Leslie T. S. and Erik de Jong, eds. The Authentic Garden. Leiden: Clusius Foundation, 1991.
Feliks, Yehuda. Agriculture in Palestine in the Period of the Mishna and Talmud. Jerusalem; Tel Aviv: Magness Press and Dvir Press, 1963.
———. “The History of Balsamon Cultivation in the Land of Israel.” In The Village in Ancient Israel, edited by Shimʻon Dar and Zeev Safrai, 275–95. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1997.
Fernández García, Rafael. “Historia del jardín sevillano: Recopilación y edición crítica de fuentes.” Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Sevilla, 1995.
Fernandez Puertas, Antonio. The Alhambra I, From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354). London: Saqi Books, 1997.
Fernandez Ruiz, José A. “Scientific and Ethical Scope of Digital Modelling in Architectonic Heritage.” In VAST 2001: Virtual Reality, Archaeology, and Cultural Heritage; Glyfada, Greece, November 28–30, 2001; Proceedings. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2001.
Fernandez Ruiz, José Antonio. “Criterios y método para la modelación digital del Patrimonio Arquitectónico.” EGA: revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 7 (2002): 73–78.
Findly, Ellison Banks. Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. “Nur Jahan’s Embroidery Trade and Flowers of the Taj Mahal.” Asian Art and Culture (1996): 7–25.
Fischer, Moshe L., et al. ‘En Boqeq: Excavations in an Oasis on the Dead Sea II. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 2000.
Fish, Suzanne K. “Archeological Palynology of Gardens and Fields.” In The Archaeology of Garden and Field, edited by Naomi Frances Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason, 44–69. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Foltz, Richard. Mughal India and Central Asia. Karachi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ford, Richard. Granada: escritos con dibujos inéditos del autor. Translated by Alfonso Gámir Sandoval. Granada, 1955.
Forkel, Hermann, et al., eds. Die Gärten des Islam. London: H. Mayer, 1993.
Foster, K. P. “Gardens of Eden: Exotic Flora and Fauna in the Ancient Near East.” In Transformations of Middle Eastern Natural Environments: Legacies and Lessons, edited by Jeff Albert, M. Berhardsson, and R. Kenna, 320–29. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University, 1998.
———. “The Earliest Zoos and Gardens.” Scientific American 281 (1999): 48–55.
Foster, William. Early Travels in India, 1583–1619. Delhi: S. Chand, 1968.
Frankel, Rafael. “The Screw Press Used in Wine Production in the Land of Israel and Its Environs during the Byzantine Period.” In The Village in Ancient Israel, edited by Shimʻon Dar and Zeev Safrai, 193–207. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 1997.
Gadot, Yuval, and Yotam Tepper. “A Late Byzantine Pottery Workshop at Khirbet Baraqa.” Tel Aviv 30, no. 1 (2003): 130–62.
Galland, Antoine. İstanbul’a ait günlük hâtıralar (1672–1673). Translated by Nahid Sırrı Örik. 2nd ed. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1987.
Gallego y Burín, Antonio. “Los jardines.” El Sol, July 21, 1919.
———. “Los jardines.” Renovación, October 30, 1919.
Gallotti, Jean. Le jardin et la maison arabe au Maroc. 2 vols. Paris: Editions Albert Levy, 1926.
Gamero, Antonio Martín. Los cigarrales de Toleo: Recreacion literaria; sobre su historia, riqueza y poblacion. Facsimile. Toledo: Zocodover, 1982.
García Gómez, Emilio. Foco de antigua luz sobre la Alhambra: desde un texto de Ibn al-Jaṭīb en 1362. Madrid: Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, 1988.
Gardin, Jean Claude, Daniel Schlumberger, and Janine Sourdel-Thomine. Lashkari Bazar, une résidence royale ghaznévide et ghoride. Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan 18. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1963.
Gascoigne, Alison L., ed., The Island of Tinnis: A Postmortem, FIFAO 84, (Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2020)
Gatier, P. L., and A. M. Vérilhac. “Les colombes de Déméter à Philadelphie-Amman.” Syria 66 (1989): 337–48, 99*–104*, 158–59.
Gautier, Théophile. A Romantic in Spain. New ed. Oxford: Signal Books, 2001.
———. Le voyage d’Andalousie. Sète: Archange minotaure; Plein midi, 2001.
———. Viaje por España. Translated by Enrique de Mesa y Rosales. Madrid: Calpe, 1920.
“Gaznevi Album,” 1676. T. 5461, 25b. Istanbul University Rare Books and Manuscripts Library, Istanbul.
Gerlach, Stephan. Stephan Gerlachs des aeltern Tage-Buch. Franckfurth am Mayn: In Verlegung Johann-David Zunners, 1674.
Getzov, Nimrod. “Shaft Planters for Fruit Trees in Quarries of the Late Roman Period in the Westeren Galilee.” ‘Atiqot 48 (2004).
Ghazanfar, Shahina A. “Plants of Economic Importance.” In Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula, edited by Shahina A. Ghazanfar and Martin Fisher. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Gibb, Elias John Wilkinson. A History of Ottoman Poetry. Edited by Edward Granville Browne. 6 vols. London: Luzac, 1900.
———. Osmanlı şiiri tarihi. Istanbul: Bürhaneddin Matbaası, 1943.
Goblot, Henri. Les Qanats: Une technique d’acquisition de l’eau. Paris: Mouton, 1979.
Göçek, Fatma Müge. East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century. Studies in Middle Eastern History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Golombek, Lisa. “From Tamerlane to the Taj Mahal.” In Essays in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honor of Katharina Otto-Dorn, edited by A. Daneshvari, 43–50. Malibu: Undena, 1981.
———. “Garden II: Islamic Period.” Encyclopaedia Iranica. last updated 2 February 2012, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garden-ii.
———. “The Gardens of Timur: New Perspectives.” Muqarnas 12 (1995): 137–47.
———. The Timurid Shrine at Gazur Gah. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1969.
Golombek, Lisa and Renata Holod. “Preliminary Report on the Isfahan City Project.” In Akten VII. Internationalen Kongresses für iranische Kunst und Archäologie, 578–90. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1979.
Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki. Melâmı̂lik ve Melâmı̂ler. Facscimile. Istanbul: Gri Yayın, 1992.
Gómez-Moreno, Manuel. Arte mudejar toledano. Madrid: Miguel, 1916.
González de Clavijo, Ruy. Embajada a Tamorlán. Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1999.
Gorzalczany, Amir. “Survey and Salvage Excavations on the Menashe Spur, near Ḥorbat Bareqet and Kibbutz Regavim.” ‘Atiqot 55 (2007): 69–61.
Grabar, Oleg. The Alhambra. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.
———. The Formation of Islamic Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.
———. “The Islamic Dome, Some Considerations.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 22 (1963): 191–98.
———. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Grabar, Oleg, et al. City in the Desert: Qasr al-Hayr East. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Graf von Bothmer, Hans-Caspar. “Architekturbilder im Koran—eine Prachthandschrift der Umayyadenzeit aus dem Yemen.“ Pantheon 45 (1987): 4–20.
Grant, Michael. Cities of Vesuvius: Pompeii and Herculaneum. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
Grelot, Guillaume-Joseph, and John Phillips. A Late Voyage to Constantinople: Containing an Exact Description of the Proportis and Hellespont, with the Dardanels, and What Else Is Remarkable in Those Seas, as Also of the City of Constantinople . . .: Likewise an Account of the Ancient and Present State of the Greek Church, with the Religion and Manner of Worship of the Turks, Their Ecclesiastical Government, Their Courts of Justice, and Civil Employments: Illustrated . . . in Fourteen Copper-Plates . . . London: Printed by John Playford, . . ., 1683.
Grelot, Guillaume-Joseph. Relation nouvelle d’un voyage de Constantinople. Paris: Chez la veuve de D. Foucault, 1680.
Grierson, Philip. “The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337-1042).” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 (1962): 3–63.
Groom, Nigel. Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade. London: Longman, 1981.
Gulbadan, Jawhar, and Bayazid Biyat. Three Memoirs of Humayun. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers, 2009.
Gürpınar, Hüseyin Rahmi. “Eski Kağıthane.” Resimli Tarih Mecmuası 56 (August 1954): 3296–3300.
Habib, Irfan. The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707. Bombay and New York: Published for the Dept. of History, Aligarh Muslim University [by] Asia Pub. House, 1963.
Habibi-Shandiz, Massoumeh. “Jardin de Fin, études historiques et transformation à travers les siècles.” DEA, Université Aix-Marseille I, 1998.
Hahn, Walter. Die Verpflegung Konstantinopels durch staatliche Zwangswirtschaft: Nach türkischen Urkunden aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1926.
Haleem, Muhammad Abdel. “Water in the Qur’an.” The Islamic Quarterly 33 (1989): 34–50.
Hamadeh, Shirine. “Ottoman Expressions of Early Modernity and the ‘Inevitable’ Question of Westernization.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 63, no. 1 (March 2004): 32–51.
———. “The City’s Pleasures: Architectural Sensibility in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul.” PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999.
Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Waḥshiyya and his Nabatean Agriculture. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Hamilton, R. W., and Oleg Grabar. Khirbat Al-Mafjar, an Arab Mansion in the Jordan Valley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Hannaway, William L., Jr. “Paradise on Earth: The Terrestial Garden in Persian Literature.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 43–67. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
Harper, Richard P. Upper Zohar: An Early Byzantine Fort in Palaestina Tertia : Final Report of Excavations in 1985–1986. Oxford; New York: Published for the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by Oxford University Press, 1995.
Hasan, Zafar. “Inscriptions of Dhar and Mandu.” Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica (1909–10): 6–27.
Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta. “The Precolonial Balinese State Reconsidered: A Critical Evaluation of Theory Construction on the Relationship between Irrigation, the State, and Ritual.” Current Anthropology 44, no. 2 (2003): 153–81.
Hawāwī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Saʿūd. al-Nabāt wa-l-ḥaywān fī shiʿr al-Mutanabbı̄. Beirut: Bīsān, 2015.
Hegewald, Julia A. B. Water Architecture in South Asia: A Study of Types, Development, and Meanings. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2002.
Hehmeyer, Ingrid, and Schöning, Hannah, eds. Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and Their Value for Today's World. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Heinz, Wilhelm. “Die Kultur der Tulpenzeit des osmanischen Reichs.” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 61 (1967): 62–116.
Hepper, F. N. “An Ancient Expedition to Transplant Living Trees.” Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 92 (1967): 35–38.
———. “Trees and Shrubs Yielding Gums and Resins in the Ancient Near East.” Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 3 (1987): 107–14.
Hepper, F. N., and J. E. Taylor. “Date Palms and Opobalsamum in the Madaba Mosaic Map.” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 136 (2004): 35–44.
Hernández Bermejo, J. Esteban, and E. García Sánchez. “Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknown Heritage of Mankind.” Economic Botany 52 (1998): 15–26.
Hernández Bermejo, J. Esteban, et al. Los jardines de la provincia de Córdoba. 1st ed. Córdoba: Programa de Educación Ambiental y Comunicación: Diputación de Córdoba, Delegación de Medio Ambiente y Protección Civil, 2000.
Herrera, Gabriel. Obra de agricultura. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1970.
Hershkovitz, M. “Miniature Ointment Vases from the Second Temple Period.” Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986): 45–51.
Herzfeld, Ernst. Erster vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Samarra. Berlin: D. Reimer (Ernst Vohsen), 1912.
Hill, Derek. Islamic Architecture in North Africa. London: Faber and Faber, 1976.
Himyari, Muhammad, and Evariste Lévi-Provençal. La péninsule Ibérique au moyen-âge d’après le Kitāb arrawḍ al miʻṭār fī ḫabar al-aḳṭār d’Ibn ʻAbd al Munʻim al-Ḥimyarī; texte arabe des notices relatives à l’Espagne, au Portugal e au sud-ouest de la France. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1993.
Hirschfeld, Yizhar. Desert of the Holy City: The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi and The Israel Exploration Society, 2002.
———. “En-Gedi—A Large Jewish Village.” Qadmoniot 37 (2004): 62–87.
———. “Excavations at ‘Ein Feshkha, 2001: Final Report.” Israel Exploration Journal 54 (2004): 37–74.
———. Qumran in Context: Reassessing the Archaeological Evidence. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.
———, ed. Ramat Hanadiv Excavations: Final Report of the 1984–1998 Seasons. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2000.
———. The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Hirschfeld, Yizhar, and Yotam Tepper. “Columbarium Towers and Other Structures in the Environs of Shivta.” Tel Aviv 33 (2006): 83–116.
Hoag, John D. Islamic Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1977.
Hobhouse, Penelope. Plants in Garden History. London: Pavilion Books, 1992.
Hochberg, Netan’el. “Nurturing of the Grapevine.” Hashda (1956): 137–52.
Hoeltzer, Ernst. Persien vor 113 Jahren. Edited and translated by Muhammad Asimi. Tehran: Kultur- und Kunstministeriums, Zentrum für die Persische Ethnologie, 1975.
Holbrook, Victoria Rowe. The Unreadable Shores of Love: Turkish Modernity and Mystic Romance. 1st ed. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1994.
Hovhannisean, Sargis. Payitaht İstanbul’un tarihçesi. Translated by Elmon Hançer. Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 1996.
Humayun’s Tomb & Adjacent Monuments. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2002.
Humphrey, John William, John Peter Oleson, and Andrew N. Sherwood. Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook. London; New York: Routledge, 1998.
Husain, Ali Akbar. Scent in the Islamic Garden: A Study of Deccani Urdu Literary Sources. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Husain, Muhammad Ashraf. An Historical Guide to the Agra Fort, Based on Contemporary Records. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1937.
Husayn ibn Muhammad Ibrahim. Jughrāfiyā-yi Ịsfahān. Edited by Manuchihr Sutudah, 1963.
Hussain, Mahmood, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat Jr. The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
Ibn Bassal, Muhammad. Kitāb Al-Filāḥah. Edited by Muḥammad Aziman and José María Millás Vallicrosa. Titwan: Maʻhad Mawlāy al-Ḥasan, 1955.
Ibn Sahib al-Salah,ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Muhammad. Al-Mann Bil-Imāma. Edited by Ambrosio Huici Miranda. Valencia, 1969.
ICOMOS – Les jardins de l’Islam. Compte Rendu. Paris, 1973.
Idrisi. Descripción de Espana (obra del siglo XII). Translated by Antonio Blázquez y Delgado Aguilera. Madrid: Imprenta y litografía del depósito de la guerra, 1901.
İnalcık, Halil. Osmanlı İmparatorluǧu klasik çaǧ (1300–1600). Translated by Ruşen Sezer. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi, 2003.
———. The Survey of Istanbul 1455: The Text, English Translation, and Analysis of the Text and Documents. Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2012.
‘Inayat Khan. The Shah Jahan Nama of ʻInayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian: The Nineteenth-Century Manuscript Translation of A. R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777). Edited by W. E. Begley and Ziyaud-Din A. Desai. Translated by A. R. Fuller. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Inchichean, Ghukas. Description du Bosphore. Translated by F. Martin. Paris: J. B. Sajou, 1813.
———. XVIII. asırda İstanbul. Translated by Hrand D. Andreasyan. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Baha Matbaası, 1976.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Kulliyat-e Iqbal. Lahore: Iqbal Akadimi, 1997.
İrepoğlu, Gül. “Lale Devrinin Aynası: Nakkaş ve Şair Levni.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:235–48. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
———. Levni: Painting, Poetry, Colour. Istanbul: Society of Friends of Topkapi Palace Museum, 1999.
———. “Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Hazine Kütüphanesindeki Batılı Kaynaklar Üzerine Düşünceler.” Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Yıllık 1 (1986): 56–72, 174–97.
Iskandar Munshi. Tārīkh-i ʻālam-i ārā-yi ʻAbbāsī. Edited by Farid Muradi. 2 vols. Tehran: Nigah, 2011.
Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press, 1999.
———. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī; or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr. Edited by Henry Beveridge. Translated by Alexander Rogers. 2 vols. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 1997.
Jairzbhoy, R. A. “Early Garden Palaces of the Great Mughals.” Oriental Art 4 (1958): 68–75.
Jakobi, Jürgen. “Agriculture Between Literary Tradition and Firsthand Experience: The Irshad al-zira’a of Qasim b. Yusuf Abu Nasri Haravi.” In Timurid Art and Culture, edited by Lisa Golombek and Maria Subtelny, 201–8. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
Jashemski, Wilhelmina Mary Feemster, and Stanley A. Jashemski. The Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius. 2 vols. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Caratzas Bros., 1979.
Jawhar. The Tezkereh Al Vakiāt; or, Private Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Humāyūn. Translated by Charles Stewart. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i Delli, 1972.
Jellicoe, Susa. “The Development of the Mughal Garden.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth Macdougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 107–29. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1976.
Jiménez Martín, Alfonso. “Los jardines de Madinat al-Zahra.” Cuadernos de Madinat al-Zahra’ 1 (1987): 81–92.
Joffee, Jennifer Beth. “Art, Architecture, and Politics in Mewar, 1628–1710.” PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2005.
Joffee, Jennifer, and D. Fairchild Ruggles. “Rajput Gardens and Landscapes.“ In The Middle East Garden: Traditions, Unity and Diversity: Questions, Methods, and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective, edited by Michel Conan, 269–85. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2007.
Josephus, Flavius. Jewish Antiquities. Edited by Allen Paul Wikgren. Translated by H. St. J. Thackeray and Ralph Marcus. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
———. The Jewish War. Translated by H. St. J. Thackeray. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.
“Kachkol Murasa,” ca. 1870. Punjab University Library, Lahore.
Kaempfer, Engelbert. MSS Sloane 2907; 2910; 2912; 2914; 2915; 2917A and B; 2920; 2921; 2923; 2929A; 3060-3064, 5232. British Museum, London.
———. Phoenix persicus. Die Geschichte der Dattelpalme. Translated by Wolfgang Muntschick. Marburg: Basilisken-Presse, 1987.
Kagan, Richard. Ciudades del Siglo de Oro: Las vistas españolas de Anton van den Wyngaerde. Madrid: Ediciones El Viso, 1986.
———. Spanish Cities of the Golden Age: The Views of Anton van Den Wyngaerde. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Kahraman, Seyit Ali. Şükūfenāme: Osmanlı dönemi çiçek kitapları. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2015.
Kak, Ram Chandra. Antiquities of Bhimbar and Rajauri. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 14. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, 1923.
Kanbo, Muhammad Salih. ’Amal-i Ṣāliḥ. Edited by Ghulam Yazdani and Vahid Quraishi. Lahore: Majlis Taraggi-yi Adab, 1967.
Karal, Enver Ziya, ed. Osmanlı tarihi. Vol. 5, Nizam-ı Cedit ve Tanzimat Devirleri 1789–1856. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1947.
Kausar, Sajjad, Michael Brand, and James L. Wescoat. Shalamar Garden Lahore: Landscape, Form & Meaning. Karachi: Dept. of Archaeology and Museums, Ministry of Culture, 1990.
Khan, Khafi, and Maulair Kabir al din Ahmed. The Muntakhab Al-Lubab of Kháfi Khán. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1869.
Khansari, Mehdi, M. Reza Moghtader, and Minouch Yavari. The Persian Garden: Echoes of Paradise. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers, 1998.
Khatunabadi, Sayyid ‘Abd al-Husayn, and Muhammad Baqir Bihbudi. Vaqa’i ‘al-sannin va al-a‘vam. Tehran: Kitabfurushi-y Islamiyih, 1973.
Kiby, Ulrika. “Islamische Gartenkunst.” Der Islam 68 (1991): 329–64.
Klein, Samuel. Sefer ha-Yishuv. Repr. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1977.
Kleiss, Wolfram. “Safavid Palaces.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 269–80.
Koç Keskin, Neslihan. Osmanlı çiçek adları sözlüğü: örnekli ve resimli. Ankara: Kurgan, 2018.
Koch, Ebba. “The Char Bagh Conquers the Citadel: An Outline of the Development of the Mughal Palace Garden.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by M. Hussain et al., 55–60. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
———. The Complete Taj Mahal and the Riverfront Gardens of Agra. New Delhi: Bookwise (India) Pvt. Ltd., Distribution by Variety Book Depot, 2006.
———. “The Intellectual and Artistic Climate at Akbar’s Court.” In The Adventures of Hamza: Painting and Storytelling in Mughal India, edited by John William Seyller, 18–31. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution in association with Azimuth Editions, Ltd., London; Distributed in the United States through D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2002.
———. Mughal Architecture: An Outline of Its History and Development, 1526–1858. New Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
———. Mughal Art and Imperial Ideology: Collected Essays. New Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
———. “Mughal Palace Gardens from Babur to Shah Jahan (1526–1648).” Muqarnas 14 (1997): 143–65.
———. “The Mughal Waterfront Garden.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 140–60. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. “Notes on the Painted and Sculptured Decoration of Nur Jahan’s Pavilions in the Ram Bagh (Bagh-i Nur Afshan) at Agra.” In Facets of Indian Art, edited by Robert Skelton et al., 51–65. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
———. Shah Jahan and Orpheus: The Pietre Dure Decoration and the Programme of the Throne in the Hall of Public Audiences at the Red Fort of Delhi. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1988.
———. “The Zahara Bagh (Bagh-i Jahanara) at Agra.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 30–37.
Kömürciya, Eremia. İstanbul tarihi: XVII. asırda İstanbul. Translated by Hrand D. Andreasyan. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Eren Yayıncılık ve Kitapçılık, 1988.
Kortantamer, Tunca. “Nedim’in Şiirlerinde Istanbul Hayatından Sahneler.” Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi yayınları 4 (1985): 20–59.
Kreutzmann, Hermann. Sharing Water: Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush, Karakoram, Himalaya. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
———. “Water Management in Mountain Oases of the Karakoram.” In Sharing Water: Irrigation and Water Management in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya, edited by Hermann Kreutzmann, 90–115. Oxford; London; Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kritovoulos. History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Translated by Charles T. Riggs. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Krusiński, Judas Thaddaeus. The History of the Revolution of Persia. Dublin: Printed by S. Powell, for George Risk, George Ewing, and William Smith, 1729.
Krusiński, Tadeusz Jan, and Jean-Antoine Du Cerceau. Histoire de la dernière révolution de Perse. 2 vols. Paris: Briasson, 1728.
La Brocquière, Bertrandon de. The Voyage d’Outremer. Edited by Galen R. Kline. New York: P. Lang, 1988.
Lahori, Abdul Hamid. Pādshāh Nāma. Edited by Kabir al Din Ahmad and Abd al-Rahim. 3 vols. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society, 1867.
Lal Hindi, Kanhayya. Tarikh-e Lahore. Lahore: Majlis-e Taraqqi-e Adab, 1977.
Lambert, Paul. “Notice sur la ville de Maroc.” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 5th ser., 16 (1868): 430–47.
Lambton, A. K. S. “Filaha: Persia.” EI2. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Accessed 29 January 2020, http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0222.
Lang, John, Madhavi Desai, and Miki Desai. Architecture and Independence: The Search for Identity—India 1880–1980. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
La Rosa, Christina. “La terminologia botanica sicula e andalusa nel Kitāb al-ğāmiʿ li-ṣifāt ashtāt al-nabāt ʿa-ḍurūb anʿāʿ al-mufradāt di Idrı̄sı̄.” Annali di Ca’ Foscari 50 (2014): 97–121.
Latif, Syed Muhammad. Lahore: Its History, Archaeological Remains and Antiquities. Lahore: New Imperial Press, 1892.
Lazos, Chrestos D. Engineering and Technology in Ancient Greece. Athens: Aeolos, 1998.
Lehrman, Jonas Benzion. Earthly Paradise: Garden and Courtyard in Islam. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.
Lentz, David. “Botanical Symbolism and Function at the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, edited by Elizabeth Moynihan, 43–47. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2000.
Lev, Efraim, and Zohar Amar. Ethnic Medicinal Substances of the Land of Israel. Tel Aviv: Eretz Productions, 2002.
Levend, Agâh Sırrı. Türk edebiyatında şehr-engizler ve şehrengizlerde İstanbul. Istanbul: İstanbul Fethi Derneği, İstanbul Enstitüsü yayınları, 1958.
Levey, Martin. Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia. Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Pub. Co., 1959.
Levine, L. I. “The Inscription of the ‘En-Gedi Synagogue.” In Ancient Synagogues Revealed, edited by L. I. Levine, 140–45. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981.
Lévi-Provençal, Evariste. L’Espagne musulmane au Xème siècle: Institutions et vie sociale; Avec vingt-quatre planches et une carte hors texte. Paris: Larose, 1932.
Lewin, Bernard. “The Third Part of the Kitāb al-nabāt of Abū Ḥanīfa ad-Dīnawarı̄.” Orientalia Suecana 9 (1960): 131–35.
Littlewood, A. R. “Ancient Literary Evidence for the Pleasure Gardens of Roman Country Villas.” In Ancient Roman Villa Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall, 7–30. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1987.
Livingston, Morna. Steps to Water: The Ancient Stepwells of India. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.
Lockhart, Laurence. The Fall of the Ṣafavī Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia. Cambridge: University Press, 1958.
Lohlker, Rüdiger, and Andrea Nowak. “Das islamische Paradies als Zeichen: Zwischen Märtyrerkult und Garten.” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 99 (2009): 199–225.
Loos, Cornelius. THC 9116 Kat. Nr. 3c. Stockholm: Museum of Fine Arts, 1710.
López Guzmán, Rafael J. Arquitectura mudéjar: del sincretismo medieval a las alternativas hispanoamericanas. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 2000.
———, ed. La arquitectura del Islam occidental. Granada: Legado Andalusí, 1995.
Löw, Immanuel. Aramäische Pflanzennamen. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1881.
Lowry, Glenn. “Humayun’s Tomb: Form, Function, and Meaning in Early Mughal Architecture.” Muqarnas 4 (1987): 133–48.
Lubenau, Reinhold. Beschreibung der Reisen des Reinhold Lubenau. Edited by W. Sahm. Königsberg i. Pr.: F. Beyer (Thomas & Oppermann), 1912.
Luqman, Sayyid. Hünernâme: Minyatürleri ve sanatçıları. Istanbul: Doğan Kardeş Matbaacılık ve Sanayii A.Ş. Basımevi, 1969.
MacDougall, Elisabeth and Richard Ettinghausen, eds. The Islamic Garden. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks 1979.
Magen, Y., and R. Talgam. “The Monastery of Martyrius at Ma‘ale Adummim (Khirbet El-Murassas) and Its Mosaics.” In Christian Archaeology in the Holy Land, New Discoveries: Essays in Honour of Virgilio C. Corbo, OFM, edited by Giovanni Claudio Bottini, Leah Di Segni, and Eugenio Alliata, 91–151. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1990.
Maguire, Henry. “Paradise Withdrawn.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 23–36. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Mahmood, Hadia. “Some Selected Urban Avian Biodiversity of Lahore with Special Emphasis on the Species of Concern.” MSc thesis, Kinnard College for Women, 2000.
Malavoi, Jean-René & Jean-Paul Bravard. Éléments d’hydromorphologie fluviale. Paris: Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques, 2010.
Mandaville, J. P. “Frankincense in Dhofar.” Journal of Oman Studies 2 (1980): 87–89.
Mango, Cyril, and Stephan Yerasimos. Melchior Lorichs’ Panorama of Istanbul – 1559. Facsimile ed. Bern: Ertug & Kocabiyik, 1999.
Manniche, Lise. An Ancient Egyptian Herbal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
Manzano Martos, Rafael. “Casas y palacios de la Sevilla Almohade. Sus antecedentes hispánicos.” In Casas y palacios de Al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 315–52. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. La Qubba, Aula Regia en la España musulmana. Madrid: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 1994.
———. “Los palacios.” In Sevilla almohade, 63–75. Seville; Rabat: Fundación de las Tres Cultural del Mediterráneo, Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad Hassán II de Mohammedía, Facultad de Letras, 1999.
Manzano Martos, Rafael, and Massimo Listri. La Alhambra: El universo mágico de la Granada islámica. Madrid: Anaya, 1992.
Maravall, José Antonio. Culture of the Baroque: Analysis of a Historical Structure. Translated by Terry Cochran. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.
Marçais, Georges. L’architecture musulmane d’occident: Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc, Espagne et Sicile. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques, 1955.
———. “Les jardins de l’Islam.” In Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’Occident musulman, edited by Georges Marcais, 1:233–44. Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1954.
———, ed. Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’Occident musulman. 2 vols. Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1954.
———. “Salle, Antisalle. Recherches sur l’évolution d’un thème de l’architecture domestique en pays d’Islam.” Annales de l’Istitut d’Études Orientales 10 (1952): 274–301.
———. “Salsabil et Shadirwan.” In Etudes d’Orientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de Levi-Provençal, 2:639–46. Paris: CNRS, 1962.
Mardin, Şerif. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought; a Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962.
Martín Consuegra, E., et al. “Palynology of the Historical Period at the Madinat al-Zahra Archaeological Site, Spain.” Journal of Archaeological Science 23 (1996): 249–61.
Martínez Correcher y Gil, Conseulo. “Descripción de los jardines.” In El Carmen de los Mártires, 21–32. Granada: Ayuntamiento de Granada, 1986.
Mashmud, Muhammad Khalid. “The Mausoleum of the Emperor Jahangir.” Arts of Asia 13 (1983): 57–66.
Matrakçı, Nasuh. Beyān-ı menāzil-i sefer-i ʻIrākeyn-i Sulṭān Süleymān Hān. Edited by Hüseyin G. Yurdaydın. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1976.
Mayerson, Philip. “The Gaza ‘Wine’ Jar (Gazition) and the ‘Lost’ Ashkelon Jar (Askalônion).” Israel Exploration Journal 42, no. 1/2 (1992): 76–80.
Mazar, B. “En-Gedi.” In The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, edited by Ephraim Stern, 2:399–405. Jerusalem; New York: Israel Exploration Society & Carta; Simon & Schuster, 1993.
Mazar, Benjamin, Trude Krakauer Dothan, and Emanuel Dunayevski. En-Gedi: The First and Second Seasons of Excavations, 1961–1962. Jerusalem: Dept. of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture: Dept. of Archaeology, Hebrew Univ. ; Israel Exploration Soc., 1966.
Mazioğlu, Hasibe. Nedimʼin divan şiirine getirdiği yenilik. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1957.
McChesney, Robert D. “Some Observations on ‘Garden’ and its Meaning in the Property Transactions of the Juybari Family in Bukhara, 1544-77.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 97–109. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
Medina, Pedro. Libro de grandezas y cosas memorables de España; Libro de la verdad. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1944.
Meisami, Julie Scott. “Palaces and Paradises: Palace Description in Medieval Persian Poetry.” Islamic Art and Literature, edited by Oleg Grabar and Cynthia Robinson, 21–54. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2001.
Menjili-de Corny, Irène. Jardins du Maroc. Paris: Temps apprivoisé, 1991.
Metcalf, Thomas. An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain’s Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Meunié, Jacques. Recherches archéologiques à Marrakech. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques, 1952.
Meunie, Jean. “Le grand Riad et les bâtiments saâdiens du Badi’ à Marrakech selon le plan publié par Windus.” Hespéris 44 (1957): 129–34.
Meyer, Ernst F. H. Geschichte der Botanik. Vol. 3. Rev. ed. Amsterdam: A. Asher & Co., 1965.
Michell, George. The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
Michell, George, and Antonio Martinelli. The Royal Palaces of India. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
Millás Vallicrosa, José. “La traducción castellana del ‘Tratado de agricultura’ de Ibn Wafd.” Al-Andalus 8 (1943): 281–332.
Miller, Naomi Frances, and Kathryn L. Gleason. “Fertilizer in the Identification and Analysis of Cultivated Soil.” In The Archaeology of Garden and Field, edited by Naomi Frances Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason, 25–43. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
———, eds. The Archaeology of Garden and Field. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Miller, N. F. “The Use of Dung as Fuel: An Ethnographic Example and an Archaeological Application.” Paléorient 10, no. 2 (1984): 71–79.
Mir, Muhammad Naeem et al. Mughal Gardens in Lahore: History and Documentation. Lahore: Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, 1996.
Moaz, Abd al-Razzaq. “Domestic Architecture, Notables and Power: A Neighborhood in Late Ottoman Damascus: An Introduction.” In Turkish Art (Tenth International Congress of Turkish Art, Geneva, 17-23 September 1995), edited by François Déroche, 489–95. Geneva: Fondation Max van Berchem, 1999.
Modi, S. M. “Water Intelligent City: Champaner-Pavagadh.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design : Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26–29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 1:103–10. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
Mohana Lala, Munshi. Travels in the Punjab, Afghanistan, and Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a Visit to Great Britain and Germany. Patiala: Language Dept., Punjab, 1971.
Moltke, Helmuth. Türkiyeʾdeki durum ve olaylar üzerine mektuplar, 1835-1839. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür yayınları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1960.
Montes Romero-Camacho, Isabel. El paisaje rural Sevillano en la baja Edad Media: Aproximación a su estudio a través de las propiedades territoriales del Cabildo-Catedral de Sevilla. Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Sevilla. Sevilla: Diputación Provincial, 1989.
Moynihan, Elizabeth B. “But What a Happiness to Have Known Babur!” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Représentations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat, Jr., and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 95–126. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1996.
———. “The Lotus Garden Palace of Zahir Al-Din Muhammad Babur.” Muqarnas 5 (1988): 135–52.
———, ed. The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 2000.
———. Paradise as a Garden in Persia and Mughal India. New York: George Braziller, 1979.
Moynihan, Elizabeth B., and James L. Wescoat Jr., eds. “Waterworks and Landscape Design in the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, 59–78. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 2000.
Mukherji, Anisha S. The Red Fort of Shahjahanabad. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Müller-Wiener, Martina, and Antonio Almagro, eds. “Análisis tipológico de la arquitectura residencial de Madinat al-Zahra.” In Al-Andalus und Europa zwischen Orient und Okzident, 117–25. Petersberg: M. Imhof, 2004.
Munajjim, Jalal al-Din. Tārīkh-i ʻAbbāsī, yā, Rūznāmah-ʼi Mullā Jalāl: Shāmil-i vaqāyiʻ-i darbār-i Shāh ʻAbbās Ṣafavī. Edited by Sayf Allah Vahidniya. Tehran: Vaḥīd, 1987.
Mundy, Peter, and Richard Carnac Temple. The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667. Cambridge: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1907.
Münzer, Hieronymus. Viaje por España y Portugal, 1494–1495. Translated by Ramón Alba. Madrid: Polifemo, 2002.
Muqābalah, Zāyid Khālid. Alfāẓ al-nabāt fī al-shiʿr al-ğāhilī. ʿAmmān: Amānat ʿAmmān, 2009.
Murphy, Alexander B., Douglas L. Johnson, Viola Haarmann, and James L. Wescoat Jr., eds. “Wittfogel East and West: Changing Perspectives On Water Development in South Asia and the US, 1670–2000.” In Cultural Encounters with the Environment: Enduring and Evolving Geographic Themes, 109–32. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
Murphy, Veronica. The Origins of the Mughal Flowering Plant Motif. London: Indar Pasricha Fine Arts, 1987.
Naîmâ, Mustafa. Naîmâ tarihi. Istanbul: Darü’t-tıbaat ü’l-âmire, 1734.
———. Naîmâ târihi. Translated by Zuhuri Danışman. 6 vols. Istanbul: Z. Danışman Yayınevi, 1967.
Nanda, Ratish, and Jolyon Leslie. “Rehabilitating the Garden of Babur and Its Surroundings in Kabul.” In Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme: Urban Conservation and Area Development in Afghanistan, edited by Joylon Leslie and Stefano Bianca, 21–41. Geneva: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2007.
Nasir, E., and S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of West Pakistan. Karachi: Printed at Nazeer Print. Works, 1970.
Nasir, E., S. I. Ali, and R. R. Stewart, eds. Flora of Pakistan. Islamabad: Pan Graphics, Ltd., 1982.
Nasuh, Matrakçı. Beyān-ı menāzil-i sefer-i ʻIrākeyn-i Sulṭān Süleymān Hān. Edited by Hüseyin G. Yurdaydın. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1976.
Natanzi, Mahmud Ibn-Hidayatallah Afusta·i. Nuqāwat al-āt̲ār fī d̲ikr al-aḫyār. Edited by Ihsan Israqi. Tehran: Širkat-i Intišārāt-i ʻIlmī wa Farhangī, wābasta bih Wizārat-i Farhang wa Āmūziš-i ʻĀlī, 1994.
Nath, R. Mughal Sculpture: Study of Stone Sculptures of Birds, Beasts, Mythical Animals, Human Beings, and Deities in Mughal Architecture. New Delhi: A. P. H. Pub. Corp., 1997.
Navagero, Andrea. Viaje por España, 1524–1526. Madrid: Turner, 1983.
Navarro Palazón, Julio. “Au sujet des palais d’Al-Andalus (XIIe–XIVe siécles).” In Vivre au palais à Montpelier et en Languedoc au Moyen Age, XIIe–XVe siècles, edited by Xavier Barral i Altet, 136–44. Montpellier: Société archéologique de Montpellier / Musée languedocien, 2004.
———. “La Dar as-Sugrà de Murcia: Un palacio andalusí del siglo XII.” In Colloque international d’archéologie islamique: IFAO, Le Caire, 3–7 février 1993, edited by Roland-Piere Gayraud, 97–139. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1998.
———. Casas y palacios de al-Andalus. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “El Castillejo de Monteagudo: Qasr ibn-Sa’d.” In Casas y palacios de al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 63–103. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “Un palacio protonazarí en la Murcia del siglo XIII: Al-Qasr al-Sagir.” In Casas y palacios de al-Andalus, siglos XII y XIII, edited by Julio Navarro Palazón, 177–205. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1995.
Naveh, Joseph. On Sherd and Papyrus: Aramaic and Hebrew Inscriptions from the Second Temple, Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods. Jerusalem: Magness Press, 1992.
Navidi, ‛Abdi Bayk Shirāzi. “Kulliyāt-i Navīdī,” 1561. MS 2425. Tehran University Central Library, Tehran.
Necipoğlu, Gülru. Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. New York; Cambridge, Mass.: Architectural History Foundation; MIT Press, 1991.
———. “Framing the Gaze in Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Palaces.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 303–42.
———. “The Suburban Landscape of Sixteenth-Century in Istanbul as a Mirror of Classical Ottoman Garden Culture.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 32–71. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
Nedim, Ahmet. Nedim divanı. Edited by Abdülbâki Gölpınarlı. 2nd ed. Istanbul: İnkılâp ve Aka Kitabevleri, 1972.
Nedim, Ahmet, and Hasibe Mazıoğlu. Nedim. Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 1988.
Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Netzer, Ehud, Rachel Bar-Nathan, and Rachel Laureys-Chachy. Hasmonean and Herodian Palaces at Jericho: Final Reports of the 1973–1987 Excavations. Vol. 2, Stratigraphy and Architecture. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society; Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2004.
Neusner, Jacob, and Richard Sarason, eds. The Tosefta. New York: Ktav, 1977.
Nieto Caldeiro, Sonsoles. El jardín sevillano de 1900 a 1929. Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1992.
Northedge, Alastair. “Creswell, Herzfeld, and Samarra.” Muqarnas 8 (1991): 74–93.
———. “Palaces of the Abbasids at Samarra.” In A Medieval Islamic City Reconsidered: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Samarra, edited by Chase F. Robinson, 29–67. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 2001.
Nuere Matauco, Enrique. “Sobre el pavimento del Patio de los Leones.” Cuadernos de la Alhambra 22 (1986): 87–94.
Numayrı̄, Ḥasan Maḥmūd Mūsā. ʿĀlam al-nabāt fī al-adab al-ʿarabı̄. Damascus: Wizārat al-Thaḳafah, 2006.
Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. Osmanlı toplumunda zındıklar ve mülhidler (15.–17. yüzyıllar). Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı Yayınıdır, 1998.
Ocaña Jiménez, Manuel. “Las ruinas de ‘Alamiría,’ un yacimiento arqueológico rrróneamente denominado.” Al-Qantara 5 (1984): 365–81.
O’Kane, Bernard. “From Tents to Pavilions: Royal Mobility and Persian Palace Design.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 249–68.
---. “The Arboreal Aesthetic: Landscape, Painting and Architecture from Mongol Iran to Mamluk Egypt.” In Iconography of Islamic Art: Studies in Honor of Robert Hillenbrand, edited by Bernard O’Kane, 223–51. Cairo: American University Press, 2005.
Omrani, Bijan, Matthew Leeming, and Catherine McMullen, eds. “The Geology of Afghanistan.” In Afghanistan: A Companion and Guide, 229. Hong Kong; New York: Odyssey Books & Guides; distribution in the USA by W. W. Norton, 2005.
Ord. Prof. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı’ya armağan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1976.
Orihuela Uzal, Antonio. Aljibes públicos de la Granada islámica. Granada: Ayuntamiento de Granada, 1991.
———. Casas y palacios nazaríes: Siglos XIII–XV. Granada: El Legado Andalusí, 1996.
Osborne, Robin. “Classical Greek Gardens: Between Farm and Paradise.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 373–91. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Grabung Im Ummayadischen Rusafah.” Ars Orientalis 2 (1957): 119–33.
Özdemir, İlyas, and S. Atilla Sağlamçubukcu. Lālezār: Şuküfe Nāme-i Ali Çelebi; Takvīmü’l-Kibār min Mi’yāri’l-ezhār. Istanbul: Marmara Belediyeler Birliği, 2012.
Pala, İskender. Ansiklopedik dîvân şiiri sözlüğü. Ankara: Akçağ Basım Yayın Pazarlama, c1990.
Panorama of Istanbul. Cod. 8626. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna.
Pardoe, Julia. The Beauties of the Bosphorus. London: Published for the proprietors, by George Virtue, 1839.
Parihar, Subhash. Mughal Monuments in the Punjab and Haryana. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1985.
Parker, Richard. A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco. Charlottesville: Baraka Press, 1981.
Parpagliolo, M. T. S. Kabul: The Bagh-i Babur. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio e L’Estremo Oriente, 1972.
Patrich, Joseph. “Agricultural Development in Antiquity: Improvements in Cultivation and Production of Balsam.” In Qumran, the Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Archaeological Interpretations and Debates : Proceedings of a Conference Held at Brown University, November 17–19, 2002, edited by Katharina Galor, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, and Jürgen Zangenberg, 241–48. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006.
Patrich, Joseph, and Benny Arubas. “A Juglet Containing Balsam Oil (?) From a Cave Near Qumran.” Israel Exploration Journal 39, no. 1/2 (1989): 43–59.
Pavord, Anna. The Tulip. New York: Bloomsbury, 1999.
Peabody, Norbert. Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Peçevî, İbrahim. Peçevı̂ tarihi. Translated by Murat Uraz. Istanbul: Neşriyat Yrudu, 1968.
Pérès, Henri. La poésie andalouse en arabe classique au XIe siècle: Ses aspects généraux, ses principaux thèmes et sa valeur documentaire. 2nd rev. and corr. ed. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1953.
Petruccioli, Attilio. “I giardini moghul del Kashmir.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 249–66. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. , ed. Il giardino Islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio. Milan: Electa, 1994.
Piccirillo, Michele. The Mosaics of Jordan. Edited by Patricia Maynor Bikai and Thomas A. Dailey. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research, 1993.
Pieper, Jan. “Arboreal Art and Architecture in India.” Art and Archaeology Research Papers 12 (1977): 47–54.
———. “Water in Hindu Urban Architecture.” Art and Architectural Research Papers 15 (1979): 39–44.
Pierson, Louise Redington. The Garden Way from East to West. Peterborough, N.H.: Transcript, 1934.
Piñar Samos, J., and J. Tito Rojo. 21 patios de la acequia: [exposition catalogue]. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2005.
Pinder-Wilson, Ralph. “The Persian Garden: Bagh and Chahar Bagh.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 71–85. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
Pisa, Francisco. Descripción de la imperial civdad de Toledo, y historia de sus antigüedades, y grandeza, y cosas memorables que en ella han acontecido . . . Primera parte, repartida en cinco libros, con la historia de Santa Leocadia. Toledo: Diputación Provincial, 1974.
Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Translated by H. Rackham. 10 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Plutarch. Lives. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. 11 vols. London; Cambridge, Mass.: W. Heinemann; Harvard University Press, 1917.
Pope, Arthur Upham. Persian Architecture: The Triumph of Form and Color. New York: G. Braziller, 1965.
Pope, Arthur Upham, and Phyllis Ackerman. A Survey of Persian Art: From Prehistoric Times to the Preset. Vol. 3, The Art of the Book, Textiles, Carpets, Metalwork, Minor Arts. London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Porter, Yves. “Les jardins d’Ashraf vus par Henry Viollet.” In Sites et monuments disparus d’après les témoignages de voyageurs, edited by Rika Gyselen, 117–38. Bures-sur-Yvette; Leuven: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient ; Diffusion, Peeters Press, 1996.
Porter, Yves, and Arthur Thévenart. Palaces and Gardens of Persia. Translated by David Radinowicz. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.
Pozo Martínez, Indalecio. “Arqueología y arquitectura islámicas en el Monasterio de Santa Clara La Real (Murcia).” In Paraísos perdidos: patios y claustros: Sala de exposiciones del Centro Cultural “Las Claras,” Murcia, octubre–noviembre de 1999, edited by Indalecio Pozo Martínez, Cristóbal Belda Navarro, and Pablo Puente Aparicio, 53–104. Murcia: Caja Murcia, Obra Cultural, 1999.
Prieto-Moreno, Francisco. Los jardines de Granada. Madrid: Cigüeña, 1952.
Pringle, Heather. “The Waters of Petra.” Archaeology 62, no. 4 (2009): 34–37.
Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel. La poética del agua en el Islam = The Poetics of Water in Islam. Sabarís, Baiona: Trea, 2011.
Qaisar, Ahsan Jan, and Som Prakash Verma, eds. Art and Culture: Felicitation Volume in Honour of Professor S. Nurul Hasan. Jaipur: Publication Scheme, 1993.
Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan. Studies in Rajput History. Raghunath Prasad Nopany Lectures. Delhi: S. Chand, 1960.
Quataert, Donald. The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Qumi, Ahmad Ibrahimi Husayni. Khulāṣat al-tavārīkh. Edited by Ihsan Ishraqi. 2 vols. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1980.
Rabbani, Ahmad. Maqālāt-i Mawlavī Muḥammad Shafī. Lahore: Majlis-i Taraqqī-ʼi Adab, 1972.
Rajput, S. A. “The Hydraulic System of Wah Garden at Hasan Abdal.” Journal of Central Asia 18, no. 1 (1995): 45–72.
Ramón-Laca Menéndez de Luarca, Luis. “Pedro Machuca y el Marqués de Mondéjar.” Reales Sitios 162 (2004): 42–53.
Rapoport, Yossef. Rural Economy and Tribal Society in Islamic Egypt: A Study of al-Nābulusī’s Villages of the Fayyum, The Medieval Countryside Series 19. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018.
Raşit Efendi. Tarih-I Raşid. 3 vols. Istanbul: İbrahim Müteferrika, 1741.
Rauschenbach, Sina. “Wissenschaft zwischen politischer Repräsentation und gesellschaftlichen Nutzen: Über den Traum vom gelehrten Herrscher in der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Macht des Wissens: die Entstehung der modernen Wissensgesellschaft, edited by Richard van Dülmen, Sina Rauschenbach, and Meinrad von Engelberg, 295–318. Köln: Böhlau, 2004.
Ravikovitsh, Shlomo. The Soils of Israel: Formation, Nature and Properties. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1981.
Raymond, André. “Les porteurs d’eau du Caire.” Bulletin de l’institut français d’archéologie orientale 57 (1958): 183–202.
Razi, ʻIsa ibn Ahmad. Anales palatinos del Califa de Córdoba al-Hakam II. Translated by Emilio García Gómez. Madrid: Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1967.
Redford, Scott. Landscape and the State in Medieval Anatolia: Seljuk Gardens and Pavilions of Alanya. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2000.
———. “Seljuk Pavilions and Enclosures in and Around Alanya.” Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 14 (1997): 453–67.
Refik, Ahmed. Lâle devri: 1130–1143. İstanbul: Hilmi Kitaphanesi, 1932.
———. Lale Devri. Edited by Osman Okçu. Translated by Dursun Gürlek. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 1997.
Rehman, Abdul. “Hydraulics of a Mughal Garden: Recent Discoveries at Shalamar Garden Lahore.” In Landscapes of Water: History, Innovation and Sustainable Design: Proceedings of the International Conference, Monopoli, 26–29 September, 2002, edited by Umberto Fratino, 2:367–72. Bari: Uniongrafica Corcelli Editrice, 2002.
———. Earthly Paradise: The Garden in the Times of the Great Muslim Empires. Lahore: Habibur Rehman Research Foundation, 2001.
———. “Garden Types in Mughal Lahore according to Early Seventeenth Century Written and Visual Sources.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 161–72. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. Historic Towns of Punjab: Ancient and Medieval Period. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1997.
———. “The Mughal Concept of Garden: An Enquiry into Shah Jahani Sources.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat, 115–22. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
Reich, Ronny, and Eli Shukron. “The Jerusalem City-Dump in the Late Second Temple Period.” Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins 119, no. 1 (2003): 12–18.
Reifenburg, Adolf. The Struggles Between the Desert and the Sown: Rise and Fall of Agriculture in the Levant. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency, 1955.
Reihnart, Kevin A. “The Here and Hereafter in Islamic Religious Thought.” In Images of Paradise in Islamic Art, edited by Sheila Blair and Jonathan Bloom. Hanover, N.H.: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1991.
Reuther, Oscar, Conrad Preusser, and Friedrich Wetzel. Indische Paläste und Wohnhäuser. Berlin: L. Preiss, 1925.
Revault, Jacques. Palais, demeures et maison de plaisance à Tunis et ses environs: du XVIe et XIX siècles. Aix-en-Provence: Édisud, 1984.
———. Palais et résidences d’été de la région de Tunis (XVIe-XIXe siècles). Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1974.
Rich, Vivien. “Mughal Floral Painting and Its European Sources.” Oriental Art 33 (1987): 183–89.
Ricotti, E. S. P. “The Importance of Water in Roman Garden Triclinia.” In Ancient Roman Villa Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall, 135–84. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1987.
Ridgway, B. S. “Greek Antecedents of Garden Sculpture.” In Ancient Roman Gardens, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, 7–28. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University, 1981.
Riehle, Klaus. “Leben und Literarische werke Mesihis = Mesihi’nin hayatı ve edebî eserleri.” Doctoral thesis, BAL-TAM, 2001.
Rifat, Osman. Edirne Sarayı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1957.
Riyahi, Muhammad Amin. Tārīkh-i Khuy: Sarguz̲asht-i sih hizār salah-ʼi manṭaqah-ʼi pur ḥadis̲ah-ʼi shumāl-i gharb-i Īrān va ravābiṭ-i siyāsī va tārīkhī-i Īrān bā aqvām-i hamsāyah. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Tūs, 1993.
Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas, and Vincent John Adams Flynn. Fatḥpur-Sīkrī. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Sons, 1975.
Robinson, Chase F., ed. A Medieval Islamic City Reconsidered: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Samarra. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press for the Board of Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 2001.
Rogers, J. M. “Samarra: A Study in Medieval Town Planning.” In The Islamic City, edited by Albert Hourani and S. M. Stern, 119–55. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.
Rogers, Robert. “Κηποποιΐα: Garden Making and Garden Culture in the Geoponika.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 159–75. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Romano, Francesco. “Viaggio di un mercante che fu in Persia.” In Navigazioni e viaggi, edited by Giovanni Baptista Ramusio and Marica Milanesi, 3:421–81. Torino: Einaudi, 1980.
Romero y Murube, Joaquín. Los cielos que perdimos. Seville: Hermandad Sacramental de la Soledad, Parroquia de San Lorenzo, 1995.
Romero y Murube, Joaquín, and José Narro. Sevilla en los labios. Barcelona: L. Miracle, 1943.
Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam. The Early Islamic Monuments of al-Haram al-Sharif: An Iconographic Study. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1989.
Rotzer, Klaus, and Khandu Deokar. “Mughal Gardens in Benaras and Its Neighbourhood in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” In Confluence of Cultures: French Contributions to Indo-Persian Studies, edited by Françoise Delvoye Nalini, 137–38. New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.
Rubiera Mata, María Jesús. La arquitectura en la literatura arabe. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1981.
Rubiés, Joan-Pau. “Oriental Despotism and European Orientalism: Botero to Montesquieu.” Journal of Early Modern History: Contacts, Comparisons, Contrasts 9, no. 1–2 (2005): 109–80.
Rubió y Tudurí, Nicolás María. El jardin meridional. Barcelona: Salvat, 1934.
Ruggles, D. Fairchild. “The Alcazar of Seville and Mudejar Architecture.” Gesta 43 (2005): 87–98.
———. “Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in al-Andalus.” Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 171–78.
———. “The Eye of Sovereignty: Poetry and Vision in the Alhambra’s Lindaraja Mirador.” Gesta 36 (1997): 182–91.
———. “The Framed Landscape in Islamic Spain and Mughal India.” The Garden: Myth, Meaning, and Metaphor, edited by Brian J. Day, 21–50. Windsor, Ont.: University of Windsor, 2003.
———. “Gardens.” In Art of India, edited by Frederick Asher, 258–70. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003.
———. Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.
———. “The Gardens of the Alhambra and the Concept of the Garden in Islamic Spain.” In Al-Andalus: The Arts of Islamic Spain, edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds, 162–71. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.
———. “Il Giardini con pianta a croce nel Mediterraneo islamico.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paeasaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 143–54. Milan: Electa, 1993.
———. “Humayun’s Tomb and Garden: Typologies and Visual Order.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 173–86. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. Islamic Gardens and Landscapes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
———. “Making Vision Manifest: Frame, Screen, and View in Islamic Culture.” Sites Unseen: Landscape and Vision, edited by Dianne Harris and D. Fairchild Ruggles, 131–56. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 2007.
———. “Vision and Power at the Qala bani Hammad in Islamic North Africa.” Journal of Garden History 14 (1994): 28–41.
———. “What’s Religion Got to Do With It? A Skeptical Look at the Symbolism of Islamic and Rajput Gardens.” DAK: The Newsletter of the American Institute of Indian Studies 4 (2000): 4–14.
Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos, ed. “Santa Clara de Tordesillas. 3. Restos de dos palacios medievales contrapuestos (siglos XIII–XIV).” In Actas: V Congreso de Arqueología Medieval Española, Valladolid, 22 a 27 de marzo de 1999, 2:851–60. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, 2001.
Rumlu, Hasan. Aḥsan al-tavārīkh. Edited by ʻAbd al-Husayn Navaʼi. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bābak, 1978.
Rustem Paşa or Loqman ibn Hosayn al-ʾAshuri (Seyyid Lokman). Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Library, 2004.
Rzóska, Julian, ed. The Nile: Biology of an Ancient River. The Hague: Springer, 1976.
Saavedra, Eduardo. La geografía de España del Edrisí. Madrid: Imp.de Fortanet, 1881.
Sack, Dorothee. Damaskus: Entwicklung und Struktur einer orientalisch-islamischen Stadt. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1989.
Safrai, Zeev. The Economy of Roman Palestine. London; New York: Routledge, 1994.
———. “The Influence of Demographic Stratification on the Agricultural and Economic Structure during the Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 20–48. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Safran, Janina. “From Alien Terrain to the Abode of Islam: Landscapes in the Conquest of al-Andalus.” In Inventing Medieval Landscapes, edited by John Howe and Michael Wolfe, 136–49. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2002.
Sahni, K. C. The Book of Indian Trees. Mumbai; Oxford; New York: Bombay Natural History Society ; Oxford University Press, 1998.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu mülkün sultanları: 36 Osmanlı padişahi. Istanbul: Oğlak, 1999.
———. “Lale Devri’ne Genel Bir Bakış.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:17–24. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
Samarraie, Husam Qawam, el-. Agriculture in Iraq During the Third Century, A.H. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1972.
Samsó, Julio. “Un calendrier tunisien d’origine andalouse?” Cahier de Tunisie 24 (1978): 65–82.
———. “La tradición clásica en los calendarios agrícolas hispanoárabes y norteafricanos.” In Actas del II Congreso para el Estudio de la Cultura en el Mediterraneo Occidental (1975), 177–86. Barcelona, 1978.
Sanderson, Gordon. A Guide to the Buildings and Gardens, Delhi Fort. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1937.
Sandys, George. Travels Containing an History of the Original and Present State of the Turkish Empire . . . London: Williams, 1673.
Sankary, Mohamed Nazir. The Cilician Dioscoridesʼ Plant Materia medica as Appeared in Ibn al-Baitar, the Arab Herbalist of the 13th Century. Aleppo: Aleppo University Publications, 1991.
Sarig, N. “The Rose Valley in Turkey.” Masa Acher 109 (2000): 34–51.
Saunders, Ernest W. “Operation Microfilm at Mt. Athos.” The Biblical Archaeologist 18, no. 2 (May 1955): 22–41.
Savory, Roger. Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Saz, Leylâ. Anılar: 19. yüzyıl saray haremi. Istanbul: Cumhuriyet, 2000.
———. Le harem impérial et les sultanes au XIXe siècle. Translated by Youssouf Razi. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1925.
———. The Imperial Harem of the Sultans: Daily Life at the Çırağan Palace during the 19th Century; Memoirs of Leyla (Saz) Hanımefendi. Translated by Landon Thomas. Istanbul: Peva Publications, 1994.
Saz, Leylâ, and Sadi Borak. Harem’in Içyüzü. Istanbul: Milliyet Yayınları, 1974.
Scanlonn, George T. “Housing and Sanitation: Some Aspects of Medieval Egyptian Life.” In The Islamic City, edited by Albert H. Hourani and S. M. Stern, 185–94. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.
Scerrato, Umberto. Monuments of Civilization: Islam. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1976.
Scheid, John. “La mort du tyran: Chronique de quelques morts programmées.” In Du châtiment dans la cité: supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique : table ronde (Rome 9–11 novembre 1982), 177–90. Rome: L’École, 1984.
Schimmel, Annemarie. A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
———. “Floral and Garden Imagery in the Poetry of Allama Iqbal.” In The Mughal Garden: Interpretation, Conservation and Implications, edited by Mahmood Hussain, Abdul Rehman, and James L. Wescoat. Rawalpindi: Ferozsons, 1996.
———. “The Celestial Garden in Islam.” In The Islamic Garden, edited by Elisabeth B. MacDougall and Richard Ettinghausen, 11–39. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.
———. “The Water of Life.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 6–9.
Schimmel, Annemarie, Corinne Attwood, and Burzine K. Waghmar. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art, and Culture. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Schioler, Thorkild. Roman and Islamic Water-Lifting Wheels. Denmark: Odense University Press, 1971.
Schmitz, Barbara, and Ziyaud-Din A Desai. Mughal and Persian Paintings and Illustrated Manuscripts in the Raza Library, Rampur. New Delhi; Rampur; New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts; Rampur Raza Library; Aryan Books International, 2006.
Schweigger, Salomon. Ein newe Reyssbeschreibung auss Teutschland nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964.
Schweinfurth, Georg. Arabische Pflanzennamen aus Aegypten, Algerien und Jemen. Berlin: Reimer, 1912.
Schweitzer, C. “Muslim Waterworks.” Islamic Culture 13 (1939): 79–82.
Seco de Lucena, Luis. “Los palacios del taifa almeriense al-Mu’tasim.” Cuadernos de La Alhambra 3 (1967): 15–20.
Segura, Cristina, ed. El libro del repartimiento de Almería. Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1982.
Şentürk, A. Atillâ. Osmanlı şiiri antolojisi. İstanbul: YKY, 1999.
Serjeant, R. B., and Husayn ‘Abdullah al-‘Amri. “A Yemeni Agricultural Poem.” In Studia Arabica et Islamica – Festschrift for Ihnan ‘Abbas, edited by Wadad al-Qadi, 407–27. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1981.
Sestini, G. “Implications of Climate Change for the Nile Delta.” In: Climatic Change and the Mediterranean, edited by L. Jeftlic, J.D. Milliman & G. Sestini. Pp. 535-601. New York: Edward Arnold, 1992.
Ševčenko, N. P. “Wild Animals in the Byzantine Park.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 69–86. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Seyrig, Henri. “Antiquités syriennes: Les jardins de Kasr el-Heir.” Syria 12 (1931): 316–18.
Sharma, G. N. Mewar and the Mughal Emperors, 1526–1707 A.D. 2nd ed. Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1962.
Shastri, Pandit H. Annual Progress Report of the Archaeological Department, Jammu and Kashmir State, for the Vikrama Year 1974 (A.D. 1917–18). Jammu: Alim Chand, 1919.
Shaw, M. C. “The Aegean Garden.” American Journal of Archaeology 97 (1993): 661–85.
Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Vol. 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280–1808. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Shay, Mary Lucille. “The Ottoman Empire from 1720 to 1734 as Revealed in Despatches of the Venetian Balili.” Illınois Studies in the Social Sciences 27, no. 3 (1944): 1–161.
Shephard-Parpagliolo, M. T. Kabul: The Bagh-i Babur. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio e l’Estremo Oriente, 1972.
Shereshevski, Joseph. Byzantine Urban Settlements in the Negev Desert. Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press, 1991.
Shihabi, Mustafa, al-, Colin, G.S., Lambton, A.K.S., İnalcık, Halil and Habib, Irfan, “Filāḥa.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, eds. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. 2nd ed. 2012, http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0222.
Shokoohy, Mehrdad, and Natalie Shokoohy. Nagaur: Sultanate and Early Mughal History and Architecture of the District of Nagaur, India. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1993.
Aleksander Shopov, “Flower-Breeding in Early Modern Istanbul: A Science of Seeds”Isis 113/3 (2022): 588-596.
_____________________,“When Istanbul Was a City of Bostāns: Urban Agriculture and Agriculturists“, in A Companion to Early Modern Istanbul, ed. by Shirine Hamadeh and Çiğdem Kafesçioğlu, Brill, 2021, 279-308.
_____________________,“Irrigating and Weeding the Bostan in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Turkish Literature.” Turkish Ecocriticism: From Neolithic to Contemporary Timescapes, ed. by Serpil Oppermann and Sinan Akıllı, Lexington Books, Ecocritical Theory аnd Praxis Series, 2021, 69-85.
_____________________,“An Archeology of Sustenance: The Endangered Market Gardens of Istanbul.” In
Archaeology for the People: Joukowsky Institute Perspectives, eds. J. Cherry and F. Rojas (Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books, 2016): 29-38. Co-authored with C. White and M.E. Ostovich.
_____________________,“Osmanlı Istanbul’unda Kent Içi Tarımsal Toprak Kullanımı ve Dönüşumleri: Yedikule Bostanları [Urban agricultural land use and its transformations in Ottoman Istanbul: Yedikule gardens],” Toplumsal Tarih, 236 (2013): 34-38. Co-authored with Ayhan Han.
_____________________,“The Soil Does Not Have History,” in An Impromptu Uprising: Ethnographic Reflections on the Gezi Partk Protests in Turkey. Fieldsights-Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, ed. by Umut Yıldırım and Yael Navaro-Yashin (October 31, 2013). http://culanth.org/fieldsights/408-the-soil-does-not-have-history
Siddiqui, Iqtidar Husain. “Discovery of 14th–15th Century Historic Garden Remains in Delhi and Champanir (Gujrat).” Journal of Central Asian Civilization 24, no. 1 (2001): 168–76.
———. “The Discovery of Architectural Remains of a Pre-Mughal Garden at New Delhi.” In Archaeology and History: Essays in Memory of Shri A. Gosh, edited by B. M. Pande and B. D. Chattopadhyaya, 573–77. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1987.
———. “Waterworks and Irrigation System in India during Pre-Mughal Times.” Islamic Culture 58 (1984): 1–21.
———. “Water Works and Irrigation System in India during Pre-Mughal Times.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 29, no. 1 (February 1986): 52–77.
Sidky, H. Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of a Hydraulic Kingdom. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1996.
Silâhdar Mehmet Aǧa. Nusretnâme. Edited by İsmet Parmaksızoğlu. Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1962.
Silay, Kemal. Nedim and the Poetics of the Ottoman Court: Medieval Inheritance and the Need for Change. 1st ed. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, 1994.
Silberberg, Bruno. Das Pflanzenbuch des Abû Hanîfa Ahmed ibn Dâ'ûd ad-Dinawarî. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1910.
———. “Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Hanīfa Ahmed ibn Dā’ūd ad-Dīnawarī: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern.” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete 24 (1910): 225–65.
———. “Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Hanīfa Ahmed ibn Dā’ūd ad-Dīnawarī: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik bei den Arabern (Schluß).” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 25 (1911): 39–88.
Simonet, Francisco. Descripción del reino de Granada bajo la dominación de los naseritas, sacada de los autores árabes, y seguida del texto inédito de Mohammed Ebn Aljathib. Madrid: Atlas, 1982.
Singer, Charles Joseph, A. Rupert Hall, and Eric John Holmyard. A History of Technology. Oxford,: Clarendon Press, 1954.
Singh, A. P., and Shiv Pal Singh. Monuments of Orchha. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1991.
Singh, Patwant. “The Tragedy of the Lodi Tombs.” Design 15 (April 1971): 15–26.
Sinha, Amita. “The Cosmic Tree in Buddhist Landscapes.” Geographical Review of India 63, no. 1 (2001): 1–15.
———. “Nature in Hindu Art, Architecture and Landscape.” Landscape Research 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–10.
Sinha, Amita, and D. Fairchild Ruggles. “The Yamuna Riverfront, India: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Hindu Traditions in Cultural Landscapes.” Landscape Journal 23, no. 2 (2004): 141–52.
Sint Nicolaas, E., Günsel Renda, and Duncan Bull. The Ambassador, the Sultan, and the Artist: An Audience in Istanbul. Rijksmuseum Dossiers. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2003.
Skelton, Robert. “A Decorative Motif in Mughal Art.” In Aspects of Indian Art, edited by Pratapaditya Pal, 147–52. Leiden: Brill, 1972.
———. “Europe and India.” In Akten des XXV. Internationalen Kongresses für Kunstgeschichte: Wien, 4.–10. September 1983, edited by Martina Pippal and Hermann Fillitz, 5:33–42. Vienna: Böhlau, 1984.
———. The Indian Heritage: Court Life & Arts under Mughal Rule: [exhibition] Victoria & Albert Museum, 21 April–22 August 1982. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982.
Smart, Ellen. “Graphic Evidence for Mughal Architectural Plans.” Art and Archaeology Research Papers, nos. 3–4 (December 1973): 22–23.
Sobh, Muhammad. “Poetas en la corte de al-Ma’mun de Toledo.” In Simposio Toledo hispano-árabe, 53–54. Madrid, 1986.
Sobradiel, Pedro. La arquitectura de la Aljafería: Estudio histórico documental. Aragón: Gobierno de Aragón, Departamento de Educación y Cultura, 1998.
Solignac, Marcel. “Recherches sur les installations hydrauliques de Kairouan et des steppes tunisiennes du VIIe au Xie siècles (J.-C.).” Annales de l’institut d’études orientales, Alger 11 (1953): 60–170.
Soto de Rojas, Pedro. Paraíso cerrado para muchos, jardines abiertos para pocos: Fragmentos de Adonis. Edited by Aurora Egido. Madrid: Cátedra, 1981.
Sousa, Ahmed. Rayy Sāmarrāʾ fī ʻahd al-Khilāfah al-ʻAbbāsīyah: yabḥathu hādhā al-kitāb fī tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ wa-fī anhur al-Nahrawān wa-al-Jaʻfarī wa-fī Qanāt Sāmarrāʾ wa-ṣayd al-Mutawakkil lil-wuḥūsh wa-Birkat al-Buḥturī wa-fī kull mā yataʻallaqu bi-mashārīʻ al-rayy al-qadīmah fī minṭaqat Sāmarrāʾ fī ʻahd al-Khilāfah al-ʻAbbāsīyah. Baghdad: Maṭbaʻat al-Maʻārif, 1948.
Spanier, Y., and A. Sason. “Commercial Kilns in the Early Periods in the Eastern Desert of Israel.” Judaea and Samaria Research Studies 4 (1994): 161–78.
Speiser, Werner. Oriental Architecture in Colour. London: Thames and Hudson, 1965.
Staacke, Ursula. Un palazzo normano a Palermo: La Zisa. Palermo: Ricerche e Documenti, 1991.
Stein, Aurel. Archeological Reconnaissances in Northwestern India and Southeastern Iran. London: Macmillan and Co, 1937.
Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. 8th impression. Tehran; London; New York: Iran University Press; Routledge, 1988.
Stern, Menahem, ed. Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism. 3 vols. Fontes Ad Res Judaicas Spectantes. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974.
Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1949.
Stronach, David. “The Garden as a Political Statement: Some Case Studies from the Near East in the First Millennium B.C.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 4 (1990): 171–80.
———. “Parterrres and Stone Watercourses at Pasargadae: Notes on the Achaemenid Contribution to Garden Design.” Journal of Garden History 14 (1994): 3–12.
---. “The Royal Garden at Pasargadae: Evolution and Legacy.” Archaeologie Iranica et Orientalis: Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe, edited by L. de Meyer and E. Haerinck, 475–502. Gent: Peeters, 1989.
Suárez Márquez, Ángela, ed. La Alcazaba: Fragmentos para una historia de Almería. Seville: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura, 2005.
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Explorations in Connected History: From the Tagus to the Ganges. New Delhi; Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Subtelny, Maria E. “Agriculture and the Timuid Chaharbagh: The Evidence from a Medieval Persian Agricultural Manual.” In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 110–28. Leiden; New York: Brill, 1997.
———. “A Medieval Persian Agricultural Manual in Context: The Irshad al-Zira’a in Late Timurid and Early Safavid Khorasan.” Studia Iranica 22 (1993): 167–217.
———. “Mirak-i Sayyid Ghiyas and the Timurid Tradition of Landscape Architecture.” Studia Iranica 24 (1995): 19–54.
———. Le monde est un jardin. Aspects de l’histoire culturelle de l’Iran médiéval. Paris: Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes, 2002.
———. “The Traces of the Traces: Reflections of the Garden in the Persian Mystical Imagination.” Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., 2006.
Sunar, Cavit. Melâmı̂lik ve Bektaşı̂lik. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1975.
Tabbaa, Yasser. “The Medieval Islamic Garden: Typology and Hydraulics.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 303–30. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
———. “The Salsabil and Shadirwan in Medieval Islamic Courtyards.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 34–37.
———. “Towards an Interpretation of the Use of Water in Islamic Courtyards and Courtyard Gardens.” Journal of Garden History 7, no. 3 (1987): 197–220.
Taeschner, Franz. “Die Geographische Literatur der Osmanen.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 77 (1923): 31–80.
Taft, Francis. “Honor and Alliance: Reconsidering Mughal-Rajput Marriages.” In The Idea of Rajasthan: Explorations in Regional Identity, edited by Karine Schomer, Joan L. Erdman, Deryck O. Lodrick, and Lloyd I. Rudolph, 2:217–41. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors; American Institute of Indian Studies, 1994.
Tagher, Jeanette. “Le jardin de l’Ezbekieh.” Cahier d’histoire égyptienne 5–6 (1951): 413–21.
Taj, Ali. “Baolis, Bridges and Caravansarais along Ancient Trunk Road in NWFP.” Ancient Pakistan (Peshawar) 13 (1999–2000): 69–108.
Talbot, Alice-Mary. “Byzantine Monastic Horticulture: The Textual Evidence.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 37–68. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Tambs-Lyche, Harald. “Flooding the World with Wealth: The King’s Place in the Consecration Ritual of the Rajsagar Lake in Mewar.” Journal of the Oriental Institute 40 (June 1991): 275–91.
Tandon, B. “The Architecture of the Nawabs of Avadh, 1722-1856.” Facets of Indian Art, edited by Robert Skelton et al., 66–75. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
Tanpınar, Ahmet Hamdi. XIX asir Türk edebiyati tarihi. Istanbul: İbrahim Horoz Basimevi, 1956.
Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste. Les six voyages de Monsieur J. B. Tavernier, Ecuyer, Baron d’Aubonne, en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes. New ed. Rouen, 1724.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, and François Bernier. Collections of Travels through Turkey into Persia, and the East-Indies: Giving an Account of the Present State of Those Countries . . . London: Printed for Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Pauls church-yard, 1684.
Tengeberg, Margareta. “Research into the Origins of Date Palm Domestication.” In The Date Palm: From Traditional Resource to Green Wealth, 51–62. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2003.
Tepper, Yigal. “Hydroponics System in the Byzantine Agriculture of Umm-Summer Area.” In South Sinai Researches, 1967–1982, edited by Ilan Lakiš and Ze’ēb Mešel, 51–54. Tel Aviv: The Society for the Preservation of Nature, 1982.
———. “The Rise and Fall of Dove-Raising.” In Man and Land in Eretz-Israel in Antiquity, edited by Aharon Oppenheimer, Aryeh Kasher, and Uriel Rappaport, 170–98. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1986.
Terzioğlu, Derin. “Sufi and Dissent in the Ottoman Empire: Niyazi-i Misri (1618–1694).” PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1999.
Texier, Charles. Asie mineure: Description géographique, historique et archéologique des provinces et des villes de la Chersonnèse d’Asie. Paris: F. Didot, 1862.
Thacker, Christopher. The History of Gardens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
Theophrastus. Enquiry into Plants, and Minor Works on Odours and Weather Signs. Translated by Arthur Hort. 2 vols. London; Cambridge, Mass.: Heinemann; Harvard University Press, 1916.
Thévenot, Jean. Voyage du Levant. La Découverte. Paris: F. Maspero, 1980.
Thomas, John, and Angela Constantinides Hero, eds. Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2000.
Thompson, Homer A., and R. E. Wycherley. The Agora of Athens: The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1972.
Tillotson, G. H. R. The Raput Palaces: The Development of an Architectural Style, 1450–1750. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
Tirmizi, S. A. I. Ajmer through Inscriptions (1532–1852 A.D.). New Delhi: Indian Institute of Islamic Studies, 1968.
Titley, Norah. Plants and Gardens in Persian, Mughal and Turkish Art. London: British Library, 1979.
Titley, Norah, and Frances Wood. Oriental Gardens. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1991.
Tito Rojo, José. “La construcción teórica de un estilo: El jardín hispanomusulmán.” In Histories of Garden Conservation: Case-Studies and Critical Debates, edited by Michel Conan, José Tito Rojo, and Luigi Zangheri, 321–58. Florence: L. S. Olschki, 2005.
———. “La idea del jardín islámico, historiografía y problemas actuales.” In La ciudad en el occidente islámico medieval II: Jardines de al-Andalus, 1–24. Granada: Escuela de Estudios Árabes, 2005.
———. “Permanencia y cambio en los jardines de la Granada morisca (1492-1571). II. Los jardines de los palacios nazaríes: La Alhambra y el Generalife.” In Jardín y naturaleza en el reinado de Felipe II, edited by Carmen Añón and José Luis Sancho, 363–79. Madrid: Sociedad Estatal Conme. Centenarios Felipe II-Carlos V, 1998.
———. “Restauración en arquitectura del paisaje, ensayo metodológico adaptado al Carmen de los Mártires y otros jardines granadinos del siglo XIX.” Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Granada, 1997.
Tito Rojo, José, and Manuel Casares Porcel. El Carmen de la Victoria: Un jardín regionalista en el contexto de la historia de los cármenes de Granada. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2000.
Tito Rojo, José, and Manuel Casares Porces. “Paysage végétal et paysage urbain à Grenade : Évolution et typologies des cármenes au siècle des Lumières.” In La nature citadine au siècle des Lumières: promenades urbaines et villégiature: [actes du] colloque, Musée des beaux-arts de Nancy dans le cadre des manifestations, Nancy 2005, le temps des Lumières, les 24 et 25 juin 2005, edited by Daniel Rabreau and Sandra Pascalis, 119–29. Bordeaux; Paris: Wm. Blake & Co./Art & arts; Centre Ledoux, Université Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2005.
Tolasa, Harun. Sehî, Latîfî, Âşık Çelebi tezkirelerine göre 16. y.y.’da edebiyat araştırma ve eleştirisi. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, 1983.
Topsfield, Andrew. “City Palace and Lake Palaces: Architecture and Court Life in Udaipur Painting.” In Stones in the Sand: The Architecture of Rajasthan, edited by G. H. R. Tillotson, 54–67. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2001.
———. The City Palace Museum, Udaipur: Paintings of Mewar Court Life. Ahmedabad; Middletown, N.J.: Mapin; Grantha Corp., 1990.
Torres Balbás, Leopoldo. Artes almoravide y almohade. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1955.
———. “Los contornos de las ciudades hispanomusulmanas.” Al-Andalus 15 (1950): 437–86.
———. La mezquita de Córdoba y las ruinas de Madinat al-Zahra. Madrid: Editorial Plus-Ultra, 1952.
———. “Notas sobre Sevilla en la época musulmana.” Al-Andalus 10, no. 1 (1945): 177–94.
———. “Paseos por la Alhambra. Una necrópolis nazarí: La Rauda.” Archivo Español de Arte y Arqueología 6 (1926): 261–75.
———. “Patios de crucero.” Al-Andalus 23 (1958): 171–92.
Toynbee, Arnold, ed. Cities of Destiny. London: Thames and Hudson, 1967.
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. “Charting Holocene Landscape Changes in the Mediterranean using the Geoarchaeological Approach.” Special issue of Géomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement 18:1 (2012).
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. “Geoarchaeology of Egypt and the Mediterranean: Reconstructing Holocene Landscapes and Human Occupation History.” Special issue of Quaternary International 266 (2012).
Tristant, Yann & Matthieu Ghilardi, eds. Landscape Archaeology: Egypt and the Mediterranean World, Bibliothèque d’étude 169. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2018.
Tsafrir, Yoram, and Y. Magen, eds. “The Monastery of St. Martyrius at Ma‘ale Adummim.” In Ancient Churches Revealed, 170–96. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993.
Tuncer, Hadiye, and Hüner Tuncer. Osmanlı diplomasisi ve sefaretnameler. 1st ed. Ankara: Ümit Yayıncılık, 1997.
Türk ziraat tarihine bir bakış. Istanbul: Devlet Basımevi, 1938.
Turner, Howard R. Science in Medieval Islam. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.
Turner, Victor W. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.
Uçman, Abdullah. Yirmisekiz Mehmed Celebi. Istanbul: Garanti Matbaacılık ve Neşriyat, 1977.
Ulbert, Thilo. “Ein umaiyadischer Pavillon in Resafa-Rusafat Hisam (Taf. 51-57).” Damaszener Mitteilungen 17 (1993): 213–31.
———. “Rusafa.” The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Unat, Faik Reşit. “Ahmet III Devrine Ait Bir Islahat Takriri.” Tarih Vesikaları 1, no. 2 (1941): 107–21.
Ur Rahman, Aman. Zahir-uddin Muhammad Babur: A Numismatic Study. Azamgarh: Aman ur Rahman, 2005.
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. Osmanlı devletinin saray teşkilâtı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1945.
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı, and Enver Ziya Karal. Osmanlı tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1947.
Vaillat, Léandre. “Les jardins de Marrakech.” Revue Hebdomadaire 39 (1930): 439–58.
Valladar Serrano, Francisco de Paula. “Jardines de Granada.” La Alhambra: Revista quincenal de artes y letras, 1924, 5–7.
Vallejo Triano, Antonio. “El proyecto urbanístico del estado califal: Madinat al Zahra’.” In La arquitectura del Islam occidental, edited by Rafael J. López Guzmán, 69–81. Granada: Legado Andalusí, 1995.
———. “Madinat al-Zahra’: The Triumph of the Islamic State.” In Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain, edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds, 27–39. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992.
Valor Piechotta, Magdalena, Fernando Amores Carredano, and M. Vera Reina, eds. “Al-Buhayra/Huerta del Rey.” In El último siglo de la Sevilla islámica (1147–1248): Exposición Real Alcázar de Sevilla, 5 diciembre 95–14 enero 96, 135–43. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1995.
Valor Piechotta, Magdalena, and Rafael Manzano Martos. “El Alcázar de Sevilla: Los Palacios Almohades.” In El último siglo de la Sevilla islámica (1147–1248): Exposición Real Alcázar de Sevilla, 5 diciembre 95–14 enero 96, 101–24. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1995.
Van Beek, Gus W. “Frankincense and Myrrh.” Biblical Archaeologist 23 (1960): 70–95.
Van der Ree, Paul, Gerrit Smienk, and Clemens M. Steenbergen. Italian Villas and Gardens: A Corso Di Disegno. Munich, Germany; New York: Prestel; Distributed in the USA and Canada by the Neues Pub. Co., 1993.
Varisco, Daniel. “Agriculture in Rasulid Zabid.” In Journal of Semitic Studies: Supplement 14 – Studies on Arabia in Honour of Professor G. Rex Smith, edited by J. F. Healey and V. Porter, 323–51. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
———. Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
———. “A Royal Crop Register from Rasulid Yemen.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 34 (1991): 1–22.
Varro, Marcus Terentius. Rerum rusticarum libri tres. Edited by Heinrich Keil and Georg Goetz. New corr. ed. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1929.
Vázques Ruíz, José. “Un calendario anónimo granadino del siglo XV.” Revista del Instituto de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid 9–10 (1961–62): 23–64.
Veinstein, Gilles. İlk osmanlı sefiri 28 Mehmet Çelebi’nin Fransa anıları: kafirlerin cenneti. Translated by Murat Aykaç Erginöz. Istanbul: Ark, 2002.
Velázquez Bosco, Ricardo. Arte del califato de Córdoba: Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya. Madrid: Imprenta artística de J. Blass y cía, 1912.
Ventura Villanueva, Angel. El abastecimiento de aqua a la Córdoba romana. I – El Acueducto de Valdepuentes. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1993.
Vesel, Ziva. “Les traits d’agriculture en Iran.” Studia Iranica 15 (1986): 99–108.
Vigil Escalera, Manuel. El jardín musulmán de la antigua casa de contratación de Sevilla: Intervención arquitectónica. 2nd ed. Seville: Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, 1999.
Vílchez Vílchez, Carlos. El palacio del Partal Alto en la Alhambra. Armilla: Proyecto Sur, 2001.
———. El Generalife. Granada: Proyecto Sur de Ediciones, 1991.
Villiers-Stuart, C. M. Gardens of the Great Mughals. London: A. & C. Black, 1913.
———. “Indian Water Gardens.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 62 (1914): 447–67.
———. Spanish Gardens. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1929.
Volwahsen, Andreas. Imperial Delhi: The British Capital of the Indian Empire. Munich: Prestel, 2002.
von Grunebaum, Gustave. “The Response to Nature in Arabic Poetry.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4 (1945): 137–51.
von Hantelman, Christa, and Dieter Zoern. Gardens of Delight: The Great Islamic Gardens. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag, 2001.
von Kremer, Alfred. Semitische Kulturentlehnungen aus dem Plfanzen- und Tierreiche. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cotta‘schen Buchhandlung, 1875.
Watson, Andrew. Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
———. “The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion – 711-1100.” Journal of Economic History 34 (1974): 8–35.
Weber, Edgar. “La ville de cuivre, une wille d’al-Andalus.” Sharq al-Andalus 6 (1989): 43–81.
Weitzmann, Kurt. “The Greek Sources of Islamic Scientific Illustrations.” Archaeologica Orientalia in Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld, edited by G. Miles, 244–66. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1952.
Welch, Anthony. “Gardens That Babur Did Not Like: Landscape, Water and Architecture for the Sultans of Delhi.” In Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects, edited by James L. Wescoat and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 59–94. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
———. “Hydraulic Architecture in Medieval India: The Tughluqs.” Environmental Design (1985): 74–81.
Welch, Stuart Cary. Wonders of the Age: Masterpieces of Early Safavid Painting, 1501–1576. Cambridge, Ma.: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 1979.
Wengel, Tassilo. The Art of Gardening through the Ages. Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 1987.
Wescoat, James L, Jr. “Early Water Systems in Mughal India.” Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 2 (1986): 50–57.
———. “Gardens of Conquest and Transformation: Lessons from the Earliest Mughal Gardens in India.” Landscape Journal 10, no. 2 (1991): 105–14.
———. “Gardens of Invention and Exile: The Precarious Context of Mughal Garden Design During the Reign of Humayun (1530–1556).” Journal of Garden History 10 (1990): 106–16.
———. “Garden versus Citadels: The Territorial Context of Early Mughal Gardens.” In Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, edited by John Dixon Hunt, 331–58. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.
———. “L’acqua nei giardini islamici: Religione, rappresentazione e realta.” In Il giardino islamico: Architettura, natura, paesaggio, edited by Attilio Petruccioli, 109–26. Milano: Electa, 1994.
———. “Mughal Gardens: The Re-Emergence of Comparative Possibilities and the Wavering of Practical Concerns.” In Perspectives on Garden Histories, edited by Michel Conan, 107–26. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1999.
———. “Picturing an Early Mughal Garden.” Asian Art 2 (1989): 59–79.
———. “Waterworks and Landscape Design at the Mahtab Bagh.” In The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal, edited by Elizabeth Moynihan, 59–78. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2000.
Wescoat, James L., Jr., Michael Brand, and Naeem Mir. “The Shadara Gardens of Lahore: Site Documentation and Spatial Analysis.” Pakistan Archaeology 25 (1993): 333–66.
Westcoat, James L., Jr., and Gilbert White. Water for Life: Water Management and Environmental Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Wescoat, James L., Jr., and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, eds. Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.
Westholm, Alfred. Cornelius Loos: Teckningar från en expedition till Främre Orienten 1710–1711. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1985.
Wilber, Donald Newton. Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1979.
Wilkinson, Taylor J. “The Archaeological Component of Agricultural Soils in the Middle East: The Effects of Manuring in Antiquity.” In Man-Made Soils, edited by Willy Groenman-van Waateringe and Mark Robinson, 93–114. Oxford: B.A.R., 1988.
———. “The Definition of Ancient Manured Zones by Means of Extensive Sherd-Sampling Techniques.” Journal of Field Archaeology 9 (1982): 323–33.
Will, Ernest, and F. Larché. ʻIraq al-Amir: Le château du tobiade Hyrcan. Paris: Libr. orientaliste P. Geuthner, 1991.
Willems, Harco & Jan-Michael Dahms eds. The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt. Mainz: Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences 36, Transcript, Bielefeld, 2017.
Willems, Harco, Hanne Creylman, Véronique de Laet & Gert Verstraeten. “The Analysis of Historical Maps as an Avenue to the Interpretation of Pre-Industrial Irrigation Practices in Egypt.” In: The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, edited by Harco Willems and Jan-Michael Dahms. Pp. 255-343. Mainz: Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences 36, Transcript, Bielefeld, 2017.
Wittfogel, Karl August. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.
Wolschke-Buhlman, Joachim. “The Study of Byzantine Gardens: Some Questions and Observations from a Garden Historian.” In Byzantine Garden Culture, edited by Antony Robert Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, 1–12. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand. Geschichte der arabischen Ärzte und Naturforscher. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1840.
Xenophon. Anabasis. Translated by Carleton L. Brownson. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Yaʻqubi, Ahmad. Les pays. Translated by Geston Wiet. Cairo, 1937.
Yadgar, Ahmad. Tārīkh-i Shāhī, maʻrūf bih, Tārīkh-i Salāṭin-i Afāghinah. Edited by M. Hidayat Hosain. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society, 1939.
Yamashita, Kōsuke, et al., eds. Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 1955. 8 vols. Kyoto: Committee of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, Kyoto University, 1960.
Yıldız, Demiriz. “Tulips in Ottoman Turkish Culture and Art.” In The Tulip: A Symbol of Two Nations, edited by Michiel Roding and Hans Theunissen, 57–75. Utrecht: M. Th. Houtsma Stichting, 1993.
Yirmisekiz Mehmet Çelebi. Paris’te bir Osmanlı sefiri: Yirmisekiz Mehmet Çelebi’nin Fransa seyahatnamesi; Anı. Edited by Şevket Rado. Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2008.
Yöntem, Ali Canip. “1730 İhtilali ve Şair Nedim’in Ölümü.” In İstanbul armağanı, edited by Mustafa Armağan, 4:335–40. Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, 2000.
Zajadacz-Hastenrath, Salome. “A Note on Babur’s Lost Funerary Enclosure at Kabul.” Muqarnas 14 (1997): 135–42.
Zangheri, Luigi, Brunella Lorenzi, and Nausikaa M. Rahmati, eds. Il giardino islamico. Florence: L. S. Olschki, 2006.
Zertal, A., and Nivi Mirkam. “Hewn Vineyards: Unknown Agricultural System from the Roman and Byzantine Period in Samaria.” In The Manasseh Hill-Country Survey. Vol. 3, From Nahal ‘Iron to Naham Shechem, 461–67. Tel Aviv; Haifa: Haifa University Press, 2000.
Ziad, Zeenut. The Magnificent Mughals. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Important websites and digital projects: